  The Linux Bootdisk HOWTO
  Tom Fawcett (fawcett@croftj.net)

  3.6, January 2000
  The Linux Japanese FAQ Project (JF@linux.or.jp)
  v3.6j, 20 January 2000

  ̕ Linux p̃u[gfBXN/[gfBXNƎɐ݌vE쐬
  @ɂďqׂ̂łD̃fBXN̓XL[fBXNƂ
  ĎgCVXe̐VR|[lgeXg鎞Ɏg܂D
  ̃fBXNOɁC Linux Installation HOWTO  Linux Install
  Guide Ȃǂ FAQ ֘AǂłDǂłȂ̓u[g
  fBXNׂł͂܂DPɋً}p̃XL[fBXN~
  Ȃ΁Ct^ A ``̃u[gfBXN̓''D
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڎ

  1. O
     1.1 o[WɊւ钍
     1.2 ܂łĂȂ
     1.3 tB[hobNƃNWbg
     1.4 zz̕j

  2. ͂߂
  3. u[gfBXNƃu[g̃vZX
     3.1 u[g̃vZX
     3.2 fBXN̎

  4. [gt@CVXe̍쐬
     4.1 Tv
     4.2 t@CVXe̍쐬
     4.3 t@CVXëڐA
        4.3.1 /dev
        4.3.2 /etc
        4.3.3 /bin  /sbin
        4.3.4 /lib
     4.4 PAM  NSS ̐ݒ
        4.4.1 PAM (ւ\ȔF؃W[)
        4.4.2 NSS (l[T[rX؂ւ)
     4.5 W[
     4.6 ׂ̑̍
     4.7 dグ

  5. J[l̑I
  6. S܂Ƃ߂: tbs[̍쐬
     6.1 LILO gJ[l̓](NCDXLILO)NCDX
     6.2 LILO gȂJ[l̓]
     6.3 ramdisk ϐ̐ݒ
     6.4 [gt@CVXe̓]

  7. guV[eBOC܂͍܂̋ꂵ
  8. ̑̃gsbNX
     8.1 t@CVXẽTCY̍팸
     8.2  RAM fBXÑ[gt@CVXe
     8.3 [eBeBfBXN̍쐬

  9. vg@
  10. FAQ(悭鎿)Xg
  A. ֘A
     A.1 ̃u[gfBXN̓
     A.2 XL[pbP[W
     A.3 Graham Chapman ̃VFXNvg
     A.4 LILO -- Linux [_
     A.5 Linux FAQ  HOWTO 
     A.6 RAM fBXN̎g
     A.7 Linux ̃u[gvZX

  B. LILO ̃u[g̃G[R[h
  C. [gfBXÑTṽfBNgꗗ
  D. [eBeBfBXÑTṽfBNgꗗ
  E. {ɂ

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  O

  : ̓̕e͌Â܂D\̓t 6 ȏÂ
  ΁CLinux Documentation Project ̃z[y[W
  <http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Bootdisk-HOWTO.html> `FbNāC
  VłoĂȂǂmFĂD

  ̓̕eLXg`łǂ߂ȂƂ͂ȂƎv܂C Postscript
  (.ps) HTML ̂قƓǂ݂₷ł傤DprɉėlXȃtH
  gg܂Ď`̂ꂩIԂ̂悢Ǝv
  DInfo `̂̂́C_ł͂܂ƂȕϊłĂȂ̂ō̘^
  Ă܂D

  1.1.  o[WɊւ钍

  Graham Chapman (grahamc@zeta.org.au)IWi Bootdisk-HOWTO
  쐬Co[W 3.1 ܂ŊǗĂ܂D Tom Fawcett
  (fawcett@croftj.net)J[l 2.0 ɍ킹ĂȂ̗ʂCo
  [W 3.2 ȍ~ǗĂ܂DChapman ̃IWi̓e
  cĂ܂D

  ̕Linux J[l 2.0 ȍ~z肵Ă܂DÂJ[l
  (1.2.xx ȑO)gĂĺC Graham Chapman ̃z[y[W
  <http://www.zeta.org.au/~grahamc/linux.html>ɃA[JCuĂÂ
  o[W Bootdisk-HOWTO D

  {̏ Intel vbgtH[œ삷 Linux z肵Ă
  D̏͑̃vZbTœ Linux łgƎv܂C
  ҂͂ɒڐGꂽo܂񂵁C܂ڂ܂B
  ̃vbgtH[Ńu[gfBXN쐬ó̕CЂ
  AD

  1.2.  ܂łĂȂ

  `Ă͂܂?

  1. Ⴆ CD-ROM  ZIP fBXNCLS110 fBXNȂǁCNfBXN̂
     Ɏgʂ̃fBA̍(邢͐Ă鑼̕
     ւ̃Npӂ)D

  2.  libc.so LCüDI͊{IɁC
     ÂďCu肷邩C܂͊̃Cu؂l
     ߂邩̂ǂ炩ł傤D

  3. fBXgr[V̋NfBXN͂̕蒼Duvg
     @v̏͂XVD

  4. fBXgr[VɗpӂĂNfBXÑAbvO[h
     ̕@Ă͂폜D͖̏͂ɗ̂
     ɂȂĂق悤łD

  5. guV[eBȌ͂CD

  1.3.  tB[hobNƃNWbg

  m点łꈫm点łC{̓eɑ΂ẴtB[hobN
  ͊}łDł͑菇͂ł邾mMł
  ɂłC┲΂Ђm点D

  Ă̌`Ŗ{T|[gĂꂽ̕XɊӂ܂D
  悤ȍv̂ŁCBōƂꍇƂ悢ɂ
  ܂D

  RgC^_Ȃǂ͑Oq̃[AhX܂őĂDM
  ҂ł邾ɓłC̑Oɂ͂܂ ``gu
  V[eBO''̏͂ǂłD

  1.4.  zz̕j

  Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 by Tom Fawcett and Graham
  Chapman.  This document may be distributed under the terms set forth
  in the Linux Documentation Project License at
  <http://linuxdoc.org/copyright.html>.  Please contact the authors if
  you are unable to get the license.

  This is free documentation.  It is distributed in the hope that it
  will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied
  warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

  {:

  Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 by Tom Fawcett and Graham

  ̕  <http://linuxdoc.org/copyright.html> œł Linux
  Documentation Project License ̏ɊÂĔzzł܂DCZX
  łȂꍇɂ́C҂܂łAD

  ̓̕t[łD͗̕Lpł邱Ƃ҂ĔzzĂ܂
  CȂۏ؂s܂D܂CƗpړIւ̓KɊւ
  ĂCÖق̕ۏ؂܂߂ĂȂۏ؂s܂D

  : ̖|󕶏̒쌠іƐӎɊւẮCIWiɏ
  ̂Ƃ܂D

  2.  ͂߂

  Linux ̃u[gfBXN͐FXȏʂŖɗ܂DႦ:

  o  VJ[l̃eXgD

  o  fBXNQ̕D̂悤ȏQ̌ɂ̓u[gZN^̏
     fBXNwbh̃NbVȂǗlXȂ̂܂D

  o  ꂽVXȅCDroot [Uƃ~XłVXe
     ͎gȂȂĂ܂܂D̂悤ȏꍇ̓tbs[fBXN
     u[gĕȂ΂ȂȂł傤D

  o  libc.soCNeBJȃVXet@C̍XVD

  u[gfBXN쐬@͂܂:

  o  Slackware ̂悤ȃfBXgr[V̂̂pDfBXg
     r[VɊ܂܂Ău[gfBXNp΁CȂƂu[
     g͂ł܂D

  o  XL[fBXN쐬\tgpD

  o  u[gfBXN쐬̂ɉKvwсCgŃu[gfB
     XN쐬D

  Ō̕@IԐl܂D͂łł悤ɂ̂łˁDȂ牽
  ꂽꍇł͂ŏCiloƂł܂C܂
  Linux ̓Ɋւ[܂D
  ̕ł͓ǎ҂̊F Linux ̃VXeǗ̊{TO𗝉Ă
  ̂Ƃ܂DႦ΁CfBNgt@CVXeCtbs[fB
  XNɂĂ͒mĂ邱ƂƂ܂Dmount  df R}h̎gC
  /etc/passwd t@C fstabt@C̖ړIemĂKv
  ܂D܂C HOWTO ŎgR}h̑啔 root ŎsȂ
  ȂȂ_ɂĂĂ邱ƂƂ܂D

  [Ǝ̃u[gfBXN邱Ƃ͓܂D
  fBXNOɁC Linux Installation HOWTO  Linux Installation
  Guide Ȃǂ FAQC ֘AǂłDǂłȂ̓u[g
  fBXNׂł͂܂DPɋً}Ɏgu[gfBXNK
  vȂȂCô̂_E[hĂقƊȒP
  D̂悤ȃu[gfBXN肷ɂ́Cq̕t^ ``̃u[g
  fBXN̓''D

  3.  u[gfBXNƃu[g̃vZX

  u[gfBXN͊{Iɂ̓VXẽ~j`AłCKvȂ̂S
   Linux VXe1̃tbs[fBXNɎ߂̂łD̃~
  j`AVXéCSȃtTCY Linux VXe̋@\̑
  słȂ΂Ȃ܂DāCu[gtbs[Oɂ
  Linux ̃u[g̃vZX̊{𗝉ĂׂłDŊbm
  ܂C𗝉łĂΖ{̎c̕킩Ǝv
  DCڂύX\ȃIvVɂĂ͏ȗĂ镔
  ܂D

  3.1.  u[g̃vZX

  SĂ PC VXẽu[gł́C܂ ROM ̃R[h( BIOS)s
  ܂D̃R[h̓u[ghCũV_ 0CZN^ 0 ɂZN
  ^ǂݍŎs܂Du[ghCu͕ʂ̓tbs[fBXNh
  Cu (DOS łA:CLinux ł /dev/fd0) łDBIOS ͎ɂ̃ZN^
  s悤Ƃ܂Du[g\ȃfBXÑV_ 0CZN^ 0 ɂ́C
  Ăȉ̂ǂ炩Ă܂:

  o  LILO ̂悤ȃu[g[_̃R[hDu[g[_̓J[l̈ʒu
     Ă[hEsău[gK؂ɊJn܂D

  o  Linux ̂悤 OS ̃J[l̐擪D

  Linux J[ltbs[ɐĂ(raw foCXƂď
  ܂Ă)ꍇCtbs[̍ŏ̃ZN^ Linux J[l̂̂ɂ
  ܂D̍ŏ̃ZN^̓u[gfoCXJ[l̎c̕[
  hău[g𑱂܂D

  J[l̃[hSɏIƁC[hꂽJ[l͊{foCX
  ܂DɃfoCX̂ǂꂩ[gt@CVXeƂă[
  hE}Eg܂D[gt@CVXe͂ʂ̃t@CVXe
  ŁA``/'' Ƃă}Eg܂BJ[lɂ̓[gt@CVXe
  ꏊwĂȂ΂Ȃ܂D̏ꏊɃ[hłC[W
  ΁CJ[l͒~Ă܂܂D

  󋵂ɂĂ -- tbs[u[gꍇɂ͂΂ -- [g
  t@CVXe RAM fBXN Ƀ[h܂D̓VXe
  fBXN̂悤ɃANZXł RAM łDVXe RAM fBXNɃ[
  h闝R 2 ܂D܂ RAM ̓tbs[fBXNႢ
  CVXe𑬂ł邩łD܂J[l͈kꂽt@C
  VXe tbs[ǂݍŁC RAM fBXNɓWJ邱
  Ƃł邩łDg΃tbs[ɂƑ̃t@C
  邱Ƃł܂D

  [gt@CVXe[hC}EgƁĈ悤ȃbZ[W
  \܂:

          VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.

  ɃVXe̓[gt@CVXe( /bin ܂ /sbinfBNg
  )initvOCs܂Dinit ͐ݒt@C
  /etc/inittabǂݍ݁C sysinit ƏĂsTCŎw肳
  ĂXNvgs܂DsysinitXNvg͒ʏ /etc/rc 
  /etc/init.d/boot łD̃XNvg͂낢ȃVFR}h
  ꂽ̂łCȉ̂悤Ȋ{IȃVXeT[rX̐ݒs
  :

  o  SẴfBXNɑ΂ fsck sD

  o  KvȃJ[lW[̃[hD

  o  Xbv̊JnD

  o  lbg[N̐ݒD

  o  fstabɋLqꂽfBXÑ}EgD

  VXȅW[邽߁C̃XNvgʂ̃XNv
  g𕡐N邱Ƃ悭s܂DႦΕWI SysVinit ̍\
  ł́C/etc/rc.d/ fBNgɕGȃTufBNgCꂼ
  ̃TufBNgɂ̓VXeT[rX̋Nƒ~̕@w肵Ă
  t@C܂DłCu[gfBXN sysinit XNvg͕
  ͂ƂĂVvȂ̂ɂȂł傤D

  sysinit XNvgIƁC init ɕԂ܂D init ͑
  ăftHg̎sxɓ܂( inittab  initdefault ̍
  ڂŎw肵܂)Dsx̍sł͕ʂ getty ̂悤ȃvOw
  肵܂DŎw肵vO̓R\[ tty oR̒ʐM
  ܂DȂ݂ ``login:'' ƂvvgoĂ̂ getty
  vOłDgetty vO͑ login vOsC
  ꂪOCF؂⃆[UZbV̐ݒs܂D

  3.2.  fBXN̎

  ܂Ő{Iȃu[g𗝉Ă΁Cu[gɕKvƂȂ
  FXȎނ̃fBXN`邱Ƃł܂Dł̓fBXN4
  ނ܂DɒfȂCȍ~̋c_ł́ufBXNvƂt
  ̓tbs[fBXNŵƂ܂DCc_̑啔̓n[h
  fBXNɂlɓKpł邾낤Ǝv܂D

     u[g
        u[g\ȃJ[l܂ރfBXND̃fBXNg΃J[l
        u[g邱Ƃł܂D̎C̃fBXNɂ郋[gt@
        CVXegƂł܂Dʏu[gfBXNɓĂ
        J[lɂ́C[gt@CVXȅꏊĂȂ΂
        ܂D

        u[gfBXN͑̃tbs[ɂ郋[gt@CVXe[
        h邱ƂłCn[hfBXÑ[gt@CVXe
        [h悤Ƀu[gfBXNݒ肷邱Ƃł܂D̕
        @͐VJ[l̃eXg鎞ɂ悭g܂(́C``make
        zdisk'' Ƃ΁CJ[l̃\[XR[h玩Iɂ̂悤ȃu
        [gfBXN쐬邱Ƃł܂)D

     [g
        Linux ̃VXe𓮍삳邽߂ɕKvȃt@CĂt@
        CVXefBXNłDJ[lu[g[_͊܂܂
        Ă܂܂D

        UJ[lu[g΁C̃fBXNȂɁC[gfBXN
        ŃVXe𓮍삳邱Ƃł܂Dʂ̓[gfBXN͎
        I RAM fBXNɃRs[܂D΂Ƒ[g
        fBXNɃANZXł܂CfBXNhCu󂭂̂Ń[eB
        eBfBXN𗘗p邱Ƃł܂D

     u[g/[g
        J[lƃ[gt@CVXeĂfBXNłD
        ΁Cn[hfBXN Linux VXe̋NƎss
        ߂ɕKvȂ̂SēĂfBXNłD̂悤ȃfBX
        N̗_̓RpNgł -- 1 ̃fBXN̒ɕKvȂ̑S
        [߂Ă -- ƂłDł͐FXȂ̂̃TCY
        傫ȂĂĂ܂̂ŁC 1 ̃fBXNɕKvȂ̑SĂ
        ߂邱Ƃ(kgĂ)Ȃ܂D

     [eBeB
        t@CVXe܂݂܂C[gt@CVXeƂă}E
        g邽߂ɍꂽ̂ł͂ȂfBXND [eBeBfBXN
        ͕tIȃf[^fBXNłD̃^CṽfBXN̓[gfBX
        Nɓ؂Ȃp̃[eBeBȂǂʂɓĂ߂
        g܂D

  ʂɁuu[gfBXN̍쐬vƂ́Cu[g(J[l)ƃ[
  g(t@C)̕𗼕쐬邱Ƃw܂D͓fBXN
  Ȃ邱(1 ̃u[g/[gfBXN)Cʂ̃fBXNɂȂ邱(u[g
  fBXN + [gfBXN)܂DXL[fBXN̗prɂ́C
  X̃u[gfBXNƃ[gfBXNgݍ킹Ďg΂ƂĂ_ɉ^p
  łł傤DāC肫Ȃɑ΂ă[eBeBfBXN
  ʂɗpӂƂ悢ł傤D

  4.  [gt@CVXe̍쐬

  [gt@CVXeۂɂ́CVXes邽߂ɕKvȃt@
  CIKv܂D̏͂ł́Ck`̃[gt@CVX
  e̍܂D܂s܂񂪁Aڃ[gt@CVX
  eƂă}EgCk`łȂt@CVXetbs[
  ɍ@܂D̕@`` RAM fBXÑ[gt@CVX
  e'' ̏͂Ő܂D

  4.1.  Tv

  root t@CVXeɂ́CSɓ삷 Linux VXeɕKvȃt@C
  SĂĂȂ΂Ȃ܂D̂߃fBXNɂ Linux VXe
  ɂƂĕKvŏ̃t@CĂȂ΂Ȃ܂:

  o  {Iȃt@CVXe\

  o  ŒKvȃfBNg: /dev, /proc, /bin, /etc, /lib, /usr, /tmp

  o  {Iȃ[eBeB: sh, ls, cp, mv

  o  ŒKvȐݒt@C: rc, inittab, fstab

  o  foCX: /dev/hd*, /dev/tty*, /dev/fd0

  o  [eBeBgsCu

  񉽂̏œȂ΃VXe͖ɗ܂Dȉ̂悤
  ȂƂłȂ΁C[gfBXN͖ɗƂ͌܂:

  o  ̃hCuɂt@CVXe(Ⴆ΃n[hfBXÑ[g
     t@CVXe)̌DsȂɂ́CfBXNƂ͕
     ̃hCu(Ⴆ΃[gfBXN) Linux 𗧂グCfB
     XN}EgĂȂԂ fsck sKv܂D

  o  obNAbv猳̃[ghCȗS܂͈ꕔ cpio, tar,
     gzip, ftape ̃A[JCu∳kp̃[eBeBpĕ
     ƁD

  ňk`̃t@CVXe̍܂D̃t@CVX
  e̓fBXNł͈kĂāCN RAM fBXNɓWJ
  ܂Dk`̃t@CVXegƁCW 1.44M ̃tbs[
  ̃t@C( 6 KoCg)邱Ƃł܂D̃t@C
  VXe̓tbs[Ƒ傫߁Ctbs[ō邱Ƃ
  ł܂DāC̏ꏊō쐬ĈkĂtbs[ɏ
  ܂Ȃ΂Ȃ܂D

  4.2.  t@CVXe̍쐬

  ̂悤ȃ[gt@CVXe쐬ɂ́CkÕt@CSĂ
  i[ł傫foCXKvɂȂ܂D悻 4 KoCg
  x̗eʂfoCXKvɂȂł傤D̌ȉɋ
  ܂:

  o  ramdisk (DEVICE = /dev/ram0)p@D̏ꍇ̓ɉz
     IȃfBXNhCu쐬܂D RAM fBXN͓K؂ȃTCY
     t@CVXe[߂̂ɏ\ȗeʂĂȂ΂Ȃ܂
     D LILO gĂȂ΁Cݒt@C (/etc/lilo.conf)Ɉȉ
     悤ȍsLqĂ:

             RAMDISK_SIZE = nnn

  ɂāCRAM fBXNɊ蓖Ă邱Ƃłő RAM eʂw
  肵܂DftHgl 4096K łDԂ񂱂̑傫ŏ\ł傤D
   8M 菭Ȃ}Vł́Ĉ悤Ȑݒ RAM fBXNg
  ͔̂ق悢ł傤D

  /dev/ram0/dev/ram, /dev/ramdiskƂfoCXt@C邱Ƃ
  mF܂傤DȂ΁C mknod g /dev/ram0 ܂
  (W[ԍ 1, }Ci[ԍ 0 ł)D

  o  \ȗe(KoCgx)̂関gp̃n[hfBXNp[eB
     V΁CgƗǂł傤D

  o  [vobNfoCX̗pDgƃfBXÑt@Cfo
     CXƂĈƂł܂D[vobNfoCXgƁC3 K
     oCg̃t@Cn[hfBXNɗpӂC̏Ƀt@CVXe
     邱Ƃł܂D
     [vobNfoCX̎g man losetup ŒׂĂD
     losetup Ȃ΁C <ftp://ftp.win.tue.nl/pub/linux/utils/util-
     linux/> ɂ util-linux pbP[WɊ܂܂ĂCΉ mount 
     unmount łƂł܂D

     VXeɃ[vobNfoCX(/dev/loop0, /dev/loop1)
     ΁CR}h ``mknod /dev/loop0 b 7 0'' sč쐬܂傤D
     ɑΉł mount  umount ̃oCiCXg[ς݂ȂC\
     ȑ傫n[hfBXNɈꎞt@C쐬܂(ł
     /tmp/fsfile Ƃ܂)D̂悤ȃR}hg܂:

       dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/fsfile bs=1k count=nnn

  ɂCnnn ubÑt@C쐬܂D

  ȉ̎菇ŃfoCXw肷Ƃł́C DEVICE ̑ɂ̍쐬
  t@C̖OgĂD mount [vobNfoCXɑ
  Ďgɂ ``-o loop'' IvVp܂Dȉɗ܂:

          mount -o loop -t ext2 /tmp/fsfile /mnt

  ̂悤ɂ΃t@C /tmp/fsfile  /mnt ([vobNfoCXo
  R)}Eg܂D df R}hgĊmFĂD

  ȏ̂ǂꂩpăfoCXC܂̂悤ȃR}hs
  ܂D

          dd if=/dev/zero of=DEVICE bs=1k count=3000

  ̃R}hɂăfoCX̒g 0 Ŗߐs܂Dkt@C
  VXe쐬ɂĂ͂̍Ƃ͏dvłDgp̕S
  0 ɂĂƈkőɂł邩łD

  Ƀt@CVXe쐬܂D RAM fBXNɎRs[郋[
  gfBXNƂ Linux J[lFłt@CVXeɂ́C
  minix  ext2 ܂Dext2 ̕߂łDext2 gĂꍇ
   -i IvVw肵ăftHg葽 i-m[hĂ
  悢ł傤D -i 2000 ƂĂ i-m[hg؂Sz͂ȂĂ
  ł傤D邢 /dev sKvȃt@C i-m[hߖ
  Ăł傤DftHgł mke2fs  1.44 K̃tbs[
  360  i-m[h܂DM҂̃XL[fBXNĂ݂
   120  i-m[h]Ă܂D /dev fBNg̃t@C
  SĊ܂߂ 360 ȒPɉzĂ܂ł傤Dk`̃[g
  t@CVXepƃt@CVXȇ傫܂Cf
  tHg i-m[h̐ 360 ȏɂȂ܂Dłt@C
  炷 i-m[h𑝂₷Kvł傤D

  i-m[h𑝂₷ɂ́Ĉ悤ȃR}hg܂:

          mke2fs -m 0 -i 2000 DEVICE

  ([vobNfoCXgƂ́CL DEVICE ̕gpt@
  CɒuĂD̏ꍇCmke2fs ͎s̊mFĂƎv
  ܂D)

  mke2fs R}h͗p\ȗeʂIɌmCt@CVXeK
  ؂ɐݒ肵Ă܂D-m 0 p[^𗘗pƃX[p[[Up
  \̈ȂȂ̂ŁCpłfBXN̈悪܂D

  ɃfoCX}Eg܂:

          mount -t ext2 DEVICE /mnt

  (܂ĂȂ΁C}Eg|Cg /mnt pӂȂ΂Ȃ܂
  D)ȍ~̏͂ł́CΏۂƂȂfBNg /mnt̑΃pXŕ\
  ̂Ƃ܂D

  4.3.  t@CVXëڐA

  [gt@CVXep̌Iȍŏ̃fBNg\͈ȉ̂悤
  Ȃ܂:

  o  /dev -- foCXCI/O ̎sɕKv

  o  /proc -- proc t@CVXeɕKvȃfBNg

  o  /etc -- VXeݒt@C

  o  /sbin -- K{̃VXeoCi

  o  /bin  -- VXëꕔƂ݂Ȃ{oCi

  o  /lib -- vOsɎgLCu

  o  /mnt -- ̃fBXN߂̃}Eg|Cg

  o  /usr -- ̑̃[eBeBAvP[V

  (ŎfBNg\̓[gtbs[p̂̂łDۂ
  Linux VXeł͂ƕGłCƂjɏ]Ă܂D
  ̕j Filesystem Hierarchy Standard ƌĂ΂̂ŁCt@Cu
  ׂꏊ߂KłD)

  ̃fBNĝ 3 ͋fBNgȂ̂ŁCPmkdirR}h
  쐬邾ł܂܂D/procfBNg proc t@CVXe
  zu邽߂̒PȂłD/mnt/usŕCu[g/[gVXeN
  Ɏg̃}Eg|CgłDƂ킯ŁCJԂɂȂ
  ܂C 3 ̃fBNg͍쐬邾ł܂܂D

  c 4 ̃fBNgɂĂ͈ȍ~̏͂Ő܂D

  4.3.1.  /dev

  /dev fBNg͑SĂ Linux VXeɕK{̃fBNgŁCVXe
  gSẴfoCXɑ΂XyVt@Cɂ܂D/dev
  g͕ʂ̃fBNgŁCʂ mkdir R}hō쐬ł܂D
  foCX̃XyVt@C͓ʂȕ@ (mknodR}h)p
  쐬Ȃ΂Ȃ܂D

  Ɗyȕ@܂Dɑ݂ /dev fBNg̓eRs[
  āCꂩsvȂ̂̂łDӂȂ΂Ȃ_́C
  foCX̃XyVt@CRs[ꍇɂ -R IvVKv
  Ƃ炢łD-R IvVw肷ƁCt@C̓e̓Rs[
  ɃfBNgRs[܂DR ͕K啶ɂ܂D -r I
  vVgƑSقȂƂȂ܂Dn[hfBXN̓e(
  ȂƂtbs[tɂȂ܂)SRs[Ă܂̂ł! ł
  玟̃R}hgƂ̓IvVɒӂĂ:

          cp -dpR /dev /mnt

  Ńtbs[ /mnt Ƀ}EgĂ̂Ƃ܂D d IvV
  ̓V{bNNRs[ۂɁCN̎̂ł͂ȂN
  ̂̂Rs[邽߂̎włD p IvV͌̃t@C̑
  ۑ܂(ďLҏۑ܂)D

  ĎԂ̂@ł肽ꍇ́C Rs[foCX̃W
  [ԍƃ}Ci[ԍ ls -l ŒׁC mknod R}hŃtbs[ɂ
  쐬܂D

  foCXRs[ƁCKvȃfoCXSƃXL[fBX
  Nɂ邩ǂmF܂傤DႦ΁Cftape ̓e[vfoCXg
  ܂Cu[gfBXNe[vfoCXɃANZX\肪
  Ce[ṽfoCXt@C͑SăRs[ĂKv܂D

  ꂼ̃foCXt@CɂЂƂÂ i-m[hKvłDtbs[
  ̃t@CVXeł i-m[h͕słCKvłȂfoC
  Xt@Ctbs[ /devfBNgĂƗǂł
  D炩ɕsKvȃfoCX\͂łDႦ SCSI fBXN
  ĂȂ̂Ȃ sd ł͂܂閼Õt@C͑SďĂ܂܂D
  lɃVA|[ggȂȂ cuaŎn܂t@C
  D

  ̃t@C͂̃fBNgɕKȂ΂Ȃ܂: console, kmem,
  mem, null, ram, tty1

  4.3.2.  /etc

  ̃fBNgɂ͑̐ݒt@Cu܂D̃VXeł
  ݒt@C͈ȉ 3 ɕނł܂:

  1. ΂ɕKvȂ́DႦ rc, fstab, passwd ȂǁD

  2. KvȂǁC悭킩Ȃ́D

  3. ɂłĂ܂S~D

  KvłȂt@C͈ȉ̃R}hŌ邱Ƃł܂:

               ls -ltru

  ̃R}hgƁCt@C͍ŌɃANZXꂽÂɈꗗ\
  ̂ŁCANZXĂȂt@C΁C[gtbs[
  菜Ă܂܂傤D

  ̏ꍇ[gtbs[ɓݒt@C͉̐L 15 ɂ܂Ō
  炵Ă܂DɂCȉ 3 ނ̃t@C΂悢悤
  ȂĂ܂:

  1. u[g/[gVXeɐݒ肵Ȃ΂ȂȂt@C:

     a. rc.d/* -- VXe̋NƎsxύX̃XNvg

     b. fstab -- }Egt@CVXẽXg

     c. inittab -- init vZX (N̍ŏ̃vZX)̃p[^D

  2. u[g/[gVXepɒZĂǂt@C:

     a. passwd -- [UCz[fBNg̃Xg

     b. group -- [UO[v

     c. shadow -- [ŨpX[hD̃t@C͖ȂD

     d. termcap -- [@\f[^x[X

     ZLeBdvȏꍇ́Cpasswd  shadow 𐮗āCVXe
     OɃ[ŨpX[hRs[Ȃ悤ɂׂłD܂
     ΁Ctbs[u[gƂC\ÕOCۂł
     D

     passwd ɂ͏ȂƂroot[UĂDɃOC
     ̃[UȂCz[fBNgVFmF܂
     D

     termcap ([f[^x[X) ̃TCÝCʏ퐔SLoCgxłD
     NfBXN⃋[gfBXNɓ termcap t@Cɂ́Cgp
     [̍ڂ悤ɂ܂傤Dʂ linux-console ̍
     ɂȂ܂D

  3. cD_ł̃t@Cu܂܂ŃVXe͂Ɠ
     Ă̂ŁĈ܂܂ɂĂ܂D

  ̒Ŗ{ɐݒ肵Ȃ΂ȂȂ̂ 2 ̃t@CłD
  g͋قǏ̂łD

  o  rc ͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂĂ܂:

             #!/bin/sh
             /bin/mount -av
             /bin/hostname Kangaroo

  fBNgƂKm߂ĂD hostname ͓Ɏs
  Kv͂܂DPɌhǂ邽߂̂̂łD

  o  fstab ̓e͈ȉ̒ʂł:

             /dev/ram0       /               ext2    defaults
             /dev/fd0        /               ext2    defaults
             /proc           /proc           proc    defaults

  ɑ݂ fstab ̃Gg[Rs[Ă܂܂񂪁Cn[h
  fBXÑp[eBVIɂ̓}EgȂ悤ɂׂłD
  noauto IvVg΁Ĉ悤Ȑݒɂł܂DĂ΁C
  n[hfBXNꂽɂ̃u[gfBXNgpł܂D

  inittab sysinit s͕ύXāC rc ̊{IƂȂNXNvg
  s悤ɂĂȂ΂Ȃ܂DVA|[g̃OC
  ֎~Ȃ΁C inittab Ɋ܂܂ getty ̃GĝCs
  ttys ܂ ttyS foCXɂȂĂ̂SRgAEg܂D
  R\[̓OCł悤tty ̃Gg͎cĂ܂
  D

  ŏ inittab ͎̂悤ɂȂł傤:

          id:2:initdefault:
          si::sysinit:/etc/rc
          1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty1
          2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty2

  inittab t@ĆCN}`[U[hւ̈ڍsCdf̂Ƃ
  ȂǂɃVXeN(邢͍ċN)̂`܂Dœɒ
  ӂĂ_́C inittab ɋLqĂt@C𒍈Ӑ[mF
  邱ƂłDLqĂvO init ȂƁCN
  fBXN̓nO܂D̂悤ȏꍇɂ̓G[bZ[W\
  Ȃ܂D

  vOɂẮC̏ꏊɂ͈ړȂƂ܂D
  vOɈʒun[hR[h (ڋLq) ĂꍇȂǂɂ
  ܂D /etc/reboot ̏ꏊ /etc/shutdown Ńn[hR[hĂ
  D reboot  /bin/reboot ɈړƁC shutdown  reboot
  t@CȂ̂ŁCsłȂȂĂ܂܂D

  c̃t@CɂĂ /etc fBNgɂSẴeLXgt@C
  PɃtbs[ɃRs[邾łD /etc fBNgɂ
  st@ĈCsvƂM̖̂SăRs[܂D ``
  [gfBXÑTṽfBNgꗗ'' ̏͂ɗł傤D
  ̂悤ȃt@CRs[邾ł܂sƂ܂CVXe
  ͂ꂼ傫قȂ̂ʂłCR܂sȂꍇ肦
  ܂DΊmƌ@́Cinittab 炽ǂĕKvȃt@CS
  mF邱ƂłD

  ݂قƂǂ̃VXeł́CsxƂɈقȂVFXNvg̒u
  ꏊƂ /etc/rc.d fBNggĂ܂DƂɂ
  ꍇɂ rc XNvgЂƂɂ邱Ƃł܂Cۂɂ͍
  VXe inittab  /etc/rc.d fBNgRs[āCtbs[
  x[X̃VXeɕsvȂ̂ĂƊȒPł傤D

  4.3.3.  /bin  /sbin

  /bin fBNgɂ ls  mv, cat, dd Ȃǂ̊{IȑsƂ
  KvȃR}huĂƗǂł傤Dt^ ``[gfBXÑT
  ṽfBNgꗗ'' ŁC/bin fBNg /sbinfBNg
  ut@C̗ĂD̗ł cpio, tar, gzip Ƃ
  obNAbv̕ɕKvȃvO͂܂D̓u[g/[g
  tbs[̋󂫗̈𑝂₷߂ɁCʂ̃tbs[([eBeBfB
  XN)ɓĂ邩łDu[g/[gtbs[gău[
  gƁC̃tbs[̓e͎I RAM fBXNɃRs[
  DƁCtbs[fBXNhCu͋󂢂đ̃fBXN}Eg
  悤ɂȂ̂ŁC[eBeBfBXN}EgĎg܂DM
  ̓[eBeBfBXN𕁒 /usr Ƀ}EgĂ܂D

  [eBeBtbs[̍쐬@͌q ``[eBeBfBXN
  쐬''̐߂ŐĂ܂DobNAbv̍쐬ɎĝƓo[W
  ̃obNAbv[eBeBۑĂԂ悢ł傤D
  ΃obNAbve[vǂ߂Ȃo[Ŵ̂CXg[
  Ԃ𖳑ʂɂ邱ƂȂł傤D

  ̃vO͊mɓ܂傤: init, getty(܂͓i), login,
  mount, rc XNvgsłVFC sh 炻̃VFւ̃ND

  4.3.4.  /lib

  /lib ɂ͕KvȋLCuƃ[_u܂DKvȋLCu
   /lib ɂȂ΃VXeu[g邱Ƃł܂D^ǂ΃G
  [bZ[WŉȂ킩ł傤D

  قƂǑSẴvÓCȂƂ libc Cuł libc.so.N
  KvƂ܂DŁCN ݂͌̃o[WԍłDǎ҂݂̂Ȃ
  /lib `FbNĂ݂ĂD libc.so.N ͒ʏCSȃo[W
  t@Cւ̃V{bNNł:

       % ls -l /lib/libc*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root      4016683 Apr 16 18:48 libc-2.1.1.so*
       lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           13 Apr 10 12:25 libc.so.6 -> libc-2.1.1.so*

  ̏ꍇɂ libc-2.1.1.so KvƂȂ܂DRs[ׂ̃Cu
  ɂ́C悤ƂoCiSĒׁC ldd R}h
  gĈˑ֌W`FbN܂D܂:

          % ldd /sbin/mke2fs
          libext2fs.so.2 => /lib/libext2fs.so.2 (0x40014000)
          libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/libcom_err.so.2 (0x40026000)
          libuuid.so.1 => /lib/libuuid.so.1 (0x40028000)
          libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4002c000)
          /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)

  Eɂt@CKvȂ̂łDt@C̓V{bNNł
  Ƃ܂D

  ꕔ̃Cu͔ɑ傫CeՂɂ̓[gt@CVXeɓ
  ȂƂ܂DႦ΁Cɋ libc.so ̃TCY͖ 4 Ko
  CgłD̃t@C[gt@CVXeɃRs[ۂɂ́CC
  u strip Kv邩܂D̎菇ɂ
  ́C``t@CVXẽTCY̍팸'' ̐߂QƂĂD

  /lib ɂ̓Cu[h邽߂̃[_Kv܂D
  [_̃t@C̖O ld.so (a.out Cup) ܂ ld-linux.so
  (ELF Cup) łDVo[W ldd g΁C(Ɏ
  ̂悤)ǂ̃[_KvȂ̂mɕ܂CÂo[W
   ldd ł͂ꂪȂƂ܂Dǂ炪KvȂ̂m
  Ȃ΁CCuɑ΂ file R}hsĂDs
  ܂:

          % file/lib/libc.so.4.7.2 /lib/libc.so.5.4.33 /lib/libc-2.1.1.so
          /lib/libc.so.4.7.2: Linux/i386 demand-paged executable (QMAGIC), stripped
          /lib/libc.so.5.4.33: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1, stripped
          /lib/libc-2.1.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1, not stripped

  QMAGIC  4.7.2  a.out pCuł邱ƂC ELF  5.4.33
   2.1.1  ELF pCuł邱Ƃ܂D

  낤ƂĂ郋[gt@CVXeɕKvȃ[_Rs[Ă
  DƂKvȏꍇ邩܂DoCiɑ΂āC
  Cuƃ[_͐TdɃ`FbNȂ΂Ȃ܂DJ[lKv
  Cu[hłȂꍇCʃJ[l̓G[bZ[Wo
  Ɏ~܂Ă܂ł傤D

  4.4.  PAM  NSS ̐ݒ

  ldd ł͌ȂCIɃ[h郉CuVXeɕKvƂ
  ܂D

  4.4.1.  PAM (ւ\ȔF؃W[)

  VXe PAM (ւ\ȔF؃W[)gĂꍇCu[g
  fBXNɂ炩ȂƃOCłȂȂĂ܂܂DPAM
  Ƃ̓[U̔F؂ƃT[rXւ̃[UANZXƂ𐧌䂷邽߂̎@ŁC
  ꂢɃW[Ă̂łDVXe PAM gĂ邩
  ǂȒPɒׂɂ́Cn[hfBXN /etc fBNg
  pam.conf t@C pam.d fBNg邩ǂmF邱ƂłD
  ̂ǂ炩݂ꍇCŒ PAM T|[gȂ΂Ȃ
  ܂D(ׂ邽߂̕ʂ̕@ƂẮC ldd  login ̎st@C
  ΂ĎgĂ݂@܂Do͂ libpam.so ܂܂ꍇɂ́C
  PAM KvłD)

  D^ȂƂɁCu[gfBXNł͒ʏCZLeBlKv͑S
  ܂DȂȂC}VɕIɃANZXłȂ΁Cɂ
  ǂȂƂłł邩łDāC PAM 𖳌Ă\
  ܂D͎̂悤ȓe̊ȒP /etc/pam.conf 쐬邾 OK
  ł:

  ______________________________________________________________________
  OTHER   auth       optional     /lib/security/pam_permit.so
  OTHER   account    optional     /lib/security/pam_permit.so
  OTHER   password   optional     /lib/security/pam_permit.so
  OTHER   session    optional     /lib/security/pam_permit.so
  ______________________________________________________________________

  /lib/security/pam_permit.so t@C[gt@CVXeɃRs[
  ܂D̃Cu 8K xȂ̂ŁCS͍ŏōς݂܂D

  ̐ݒɂƁC̃}Ṽt@CT[rXɂ͒NłSȃANZ
  Xł悤ɂȂ܂D炩̗RŃu[gfBXNłZLeB
  ɒӂꍇɂ́Cn[hfBXN PAM ̐ݒ̈ꕔ邢͑S
  [gt@CVXeɃRs[Ȃ΂Ȃ܂DPAM ̕悭
  ǂŁC/lib/security ɂ郉CûKvȂ̂[gt@C
  VXeɃRs[ĂD

  ܂Cu[gfBXNɂ /lib/libpam.so Kv܂C
  ǎ҂݂̂Ȃ͂͒mĂ͂łDȂȂC /bin/login  ldd
  sƂɁC̃t@Cˑ֌Wŕ\ꂽłD

  4.4.2.  NSS (l[T[rX؂ւ)

  glibc(ʖ libc6)gĂꍇCl[T[rXɎȂ΃
  OCł܂DNSS ł̓t@C /etc/nsswitch.conf gėlXȃT
  [rXւ̃f[^x[XQƂ𐧌䂵܂Dlbg[ÑT[rX(DNS 
  NIS ̎QƓ)ɃANZX肪Ȃ΁Cȉ̂悤ȊȒP
  nsswitch.conf 邾ł:

  ______________________________________________________________________
       passwd:     files
       shadow:     files
       group:      files
       hosts:      files
       services:   files
       networks:   files
       protocols:  files
       rpc:        files
       ethers:     files
       netmasks:   files
       bootparams: files
       automount:  files
       aliases:    files
       netgroup:   files
       publickey:  files
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̎wł͑SẴT[rX[Jt@C󂯂悤ɂȂ
  D܂C/lib/libnss_files.so.1 t@CKvɂȂł傤D
  t@C̓t@C̎QƂ߂ɓIɃ[h܂D

  u[gfBXNlbg[NɃANZX邱ƂlĂȂ΁C
  ƂƂ nsswitch.conf Ǝv܂Dw肵
  悤ƂT[rXƂ /lib/libnss_T[rX.so.1gݍޕKv
  ƂYȂłD

  4.5.  W[

  W[J[lgĂꍇCNɃu[gfBXN
  ̃W[[ĥlȂ΂Ȃ܂DobNAbve
  [vtbs[e[vɂꍇftape W[ zftapeW[
  Kvł傤CSCSI @킪Ȃ SCSI foCXp̃W[K
  vł傤D܂Cً}ɃlbgɃANZX PPP  SLIP T
  |[g邽߂̃W[KvɂȂł傤D

  ̂悤ȃW[ /lib/modules ɒu܂D܂C insmod, rmmod,
  lsmod Ȃ΂Ȃ܂DW[IɃ[h邩ǂ
  ɂāCmodprobe, depmod, swapout KvɂȂ邩ǂ܂
  Dkerneld gȂ /etc/conf.modules ꏏɓ܂傤D

  CW[gő̗_́CK{łȂW[[eB
  eBfBXNɈڂĂĕKvȎɃ[hł_łDɂC
  [gfBXNŎgeʂ܂DقȂނ̃foCX𑽂Ȃ
  ΂ȂȂȂꍇC̃hCogݍ񂾋ȃJ[l
  1̃Av[`̕D܂ł傤D

  k` ext2 t@CVXegɂ RAM fBXN ext2 ̃T
  |[g̓J[lɑgݍ܂Ȃ΂Ȃ܂DW[Ƃ
  gƂ͂ł܂D

  4.6.  ׂ̑̍

  /var/run/utmp t@C /var/log fBNg݂ȂꍇCꕔ
  VXevO(login )͕Ă܂DŎ̂悤ɂ
  ܂:

          mkdir -p /mnt/var/{log,run}
          touch /mnt/var/run/utmp

  KvȃCuݒ肵CŌ ldconfig să[gt@C
  VXe /etc/ld.so.cache 蒼܂D̃LbV[_Ƀ
  Cȕꏊ܂Dld.so.cache 蒼ɂ͎̃R}hs
  ܂:

          chdir /mnt; chroot /mnt /sbin/ldconfig

  chroot KvȂ̂́Cldconfig Ƀ[gt@CVXẽLbV
  蒼łD

  4.7.  dグ

  [gt@CVXe̍쐬IC̃t@CVXeA}
  EgCt@CɃRs[āCk܂:

          umount /mnt
          dd if=DEVICE bs=1k | gzip -v9 > rootfs.gz

  ꂪI爳k`̃[gt@CVXeł rootfs.gz 
  ͂łD̑傫𒲂ׁCtbs[Ɏ܂邱Ƃm߂܂
  D܂؂Ȃꍇɂ́Ct@C܂傤D[gt@
  CVXẽTCYꍇC ``[gt@CVXẽTC
  Y̍팸''ZNVQlɂȂł傤D

  5.  J[l̑I

  ̎_ňk`̃[gt@CVXe͊Ă܂D̃Xeb
  v̓J[l\z܂͑I邱ƂłDقƂǂ̏ꍇ͌ݎgĂ
  J[lRs[Cōtbs[u[g΂悢ł
  Dłʂ̃J[l肽ꍇ邱Ƃł傤D

  R1͑傫łD1̃u[g/[gfBXNꍇCJ[l
  ̓tbs[ōőɋ߂t@CɂȂ͂łDŁCJ[l̃T
  CYł邾ĂKv܂DJ[l̃TCY
  ɂ́CT|[g@\VXeɕKvȍŏ̂̂ɍiăJ[l
  \z܂D܂CsvȂ̂SĊÔłDlbg[N@\
  OĂ悢ł傤Cu[g/[gVXeł͕sKvȃfBXN₻
  ̃foCXOł傤DCɏqׂ悤 RAM fBXN
  ext2 ̓J[lɑgݍłȂ΂Ȃ܂D

  J[lɎŒ̋@\܂C̓J[lɖ߂̂
  ߂Kv܂Du[g/[gtbs[̃VXegʓIȃ
  [Ȗ͑ꂽ[gt@CVXěƕsƂ
  ̂ł傤Cs߂̃J[l̃T|[gKvł傤D
  Ⴆ΁CobNAbvS ftape găe[vɓĂC
  ݃[gɂĂhCu ftape ĂhCuĂ
  ܂ꍇCobNAbve[v畜sȂƂ͂ł܂D
  ȂĂ܂CLinux ăCXg[ ftape ECXg[
  CꂩobNAbv̓ǂݏosȂ΂Ȃ܂D

  ܂dvȂ̂́Cʏ̃J[lɑgݍłobNAbvp I/O
  T|[ǵCu[g/[g̃J[lɂgݍłׂƂ
  łD

  ۂɃJ[l\z邽߂̎菇́CJ[lɕt̕Ő
  ܂D͂ƂĂȒPȂ̂ŁC܂ /usr/src/linux D
  J[lƍȂ悤Ȃ΁Cu[g/[gfBXN낤
  l̂͂߂ł傤D``make zImage'' ŃJ[lk
  ƂYȂłD

  6.  S܂Ƃ߂: tbs[̍쐬

  ŃJ[lƈk`̃[gt@CVXeł܂D1̃u
  [g/[gfBXNȂ΁C̃TCY킹Ă1̃fBXN
  Ɏ܂邱ƂmF܂Du[g+[g2gōȂ΁C[gt@
  CVXe1̃tbs[Ɏ܂邱ƂmF܂D

  Ƀu[gfBXÑJ[l LILO ŋN邩ǂ߂܂Dʂ
  @ƂẮCJ[l𒼐ڃtbs[ɏ LILO ŋN
  邱Ƃł܂DLILO g_́CVXẽn[hEFȀ
  ɕKvȃp[^wł_łD(VXe /etc/lilo.conf 
  ĂD̃t@CāC ``append=...'' ƂLq
  ΁CԂ񂱂̋@\KvłD) LILO g_̓u[gfBXN
  ̂ʓ|ȓ_ƁCfBXN̎gpʂĂ܂_łD܂C
  ʂ̃t@CVXe(΃J[lt@CVXe)ݒ肵Ȃ΂
  Ȃł傤D LILO KvƂ鑼̃t@CƃJ[l]
  邱ƂɂȂ܂D

  LILO gƂɂl͂̂܂ܓǂݑĂDJ[l𒼐ړ]
  邱ƂɂĺC ``LILO gȂꍇ''̐߂֐iłD

  6.1.  LILO gJ[l̓]

  ŏɂׂƂ́CLILO ̂߂̊ȒPȐݒt@C邱ƂłD
  ͎̂悤ɂȂ܂:

  ______________________________________________________________________
          boot      =/dev/fd0
          install   =/boot/boot.b
          map       =/boot/map
          read-write
          backup    =/dev/null
          compact
          image     = KERNEL
          label     = Bootdisk
          root      =/dev/fd0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  p[^̏ڍׂɂĂ LILO ̃[UD̃t@C
  ɂ̓n[hfBXN /etc/lilo.conf t@C甲o
  append=... ̍sǉĂׂ܂D

  ̃t@C bdlilo.conf Ƃĕۑ܂D

  ŏt@CVXeȂ΂Ȃ܂D[gt@CV
  XeƋʂ邽߁C̃t@CVXe̓J[lt@CVXe
  Ăт܂D

  ܂C̃t@CVXȇ傫߂܂DJ[l̃TCYub
  Nŋ(``ls -l KERNEL'' œTCY 1024 ŊC[؂
  グ܂)C 50 ubN܂D50 ubNƂ̂́Ci-m[
  h⑼̃t@Ĉ̕悻̃TCYłD̐l𐳊mɋ߂Ă
  ܂񂪁CP50gĂ܂܂D2g̃fBXNꍇ
  ́C̃TCY͂Ƒ傫ςĂvł傤Dǂŏ
  fBXNɂ̓J[lȂ̂łD̐ KERNEL_BLOCKS
  Ƃ܂D

  hCuɃtbs[āC̃tbs[ ext2 J[lt@CV
  Xe쐬܂(\LȒPɂ邽߁ChCu /dev/fd0 ł
  ̂Ƃ܂):

          mke2fs -i 8192 -m 0 /dev/fd0 KERNEL_BLOCKS

  ``-i 8192'' IvV́C1i-m[h8192oCggƂw肵
  ܂DɃt@CVXe}EgClost+found fBNg
  CLILO p dev fBNg boot fBNg܂D

          mount /dev/fd0 /mnt
          rm -rf /mnt/lost+found
          mkdir /mnt/{boot,dev}

   /dev/nullfoCX /dev/fd0foCX܂DfoCXԍ
  ׂȂĂC-R IvVg΃n[hfBXN炻̂܂܃Rs[ł
  ܂D

          cp -R /dev/{null,fd0} /mnt/dev

  LILO ɂ̓u[g[_̃Rs[(boot.b)KvłD̓n[hfBXN
  玝Ă邱Ƃł܂Dʏ킱 /boot fBNgɒu
  D
          cp /boot/boot.b /mnt/boot

  ŌɁC̐߂ŗpӂ LILO ̐ݒt@CJ[lƈꏏɃRs[
  ܂DƂ[gfBNgɒuƂł܂D

          cp bdlilo.conf KERNEL /mnt

  ȏ̎菇ŁCLILO KvƂ̂͑SăJ[lt@CVXeɏ
  ł܂̂ŁCLILO s܂DLILO  -r IvVgƁCu
  [g[_͑̏ꏊ[gɂăCXg[܂D

          lilo -v -C bdlilo.conf -r /mnt

  LILO ̓G[NȂ͂łD LILO ̎sɂ́CJ[l
  t@CVXe͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂĂ͂ł:

  ______________________________________________________________________
  total 361
    1 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          176 Jan 10 07:22 bdlilo.conf
    1 drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jan 10 07:23 boot/
    1 drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jan 10 07:22 dev/
  358 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root       362707 Jan 10 07:23 vmlinuz
  boot:
  total 8
    4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root         3708 Jan 10 07:22 boot.b
    4 -rw-------   1 root     root         3584 Jan 10 07:23 map
  dev:
  total 0
    0 brw-r-----   1 root     root       2,   0 Jan 10 07:22 fd0
    0 crw-r--r--   1 root     root       1,   3 Jan 10 07:22 null
  ______________________________________________________________________

  t@CTCY炢ĂĂCɂKv͂܂D

  hCufBXN𔲂C ``ramdisk ϐ̐ݒ''̐߂ɐi݂܂
  D

  6.2.  LILO gȂJ[l̓]

  LILO gȂꍇɂ́Cdd R}hgăJ[lu[gfBXN
  ]܂D

          % dd if=KERNEL of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k
          353+1 records in
          353+1 records out

  ̗ł́Cdd  353 R[h(̑S)1R[h(̈ꕔ)
  ܂DāCJ[l̓fBXN擪 354 ubNgĂ
  D̐ KERNEL_BLOCKS Ƃ܂D͎̃ZNVŎg
  ŁCoĂĂD

  ŌɁC[gfoCXtbs[ɐݒ肵C[gǂݏ\Ń[
  hł悤ɐݒ肵܂D

          rdev /dev/fd0 /dev/fd0
          rdev -R /dev/fd0 0

  ̕ rdev ł͕K -R 啶ɂ܂傤D

  6.3.  ramdisk ϐ̐ݒ

  J[lC[W ramdisk ϐɂ̓[gt@CVXëʒuɊ֌W
  IvVw肳Ă܂D̕ϐɂ rdev R}hŃANZ
  X邱ƂłCϐ̓e͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂĂ܂:

           0-10rbg:  RAM fBXN擪ʒuւ̃ItZbgAhXD
                          1024 oCg̃ubNPʂɂȂ܂D
          11-13rbg:  gpłD
             14rbg:  RAM fBXN[h邩ǂ̃tOłD
             15 rbg: [gt@CVXe[hOɃtbs[
                          ̃vvgoǂ̃tOłD

   15 rbgZbgĂƁCu[g 2 ڂ̃tbs[h
  Cuɓ悤ɂƂvvgo܂DfBXN 2 Ȃu[
  gVXeł͂̃tOKvɂȂ܂D

  1̃u[g/[gfBXN邩C2ǵuu[g+[gvfBXN
  邩ɂāC菇2ɕ܂D

  1. 1 ̃fBXNōꍇCk`̃[gt@CVXeJ[l
     ̒ɒu܂D܂CItZbgʒu͍ŏ̋󂫃ubN
     ( KERNEL_BLOCKS ɓ͂ł)D14rbg1C
     15rbg0Zbg܂D

     Ⴆ΁C1 g̃fBXN\z悤ƂĂāC[gt@CVX
     eubN 253 (10 il)n߂悤ƂĂƂ܂Dramdisk
     ϐ̒l 253 (10 il)̂͂łCrbg 14  1 ZbgC
     rbg 15  0 ZbgĂ܂D̒lvZɂ́CP 10
     il𑫂킹ĂDȂ킿u253 + (2^14) = 253 + 16384 =
     16637vłD̐l̗RǂȂ΁C̒l֐d
      2 ilɕϊĂ݂ĂD

  2. 2 g̃fBXNꍇC[gt@CVXe 2 ڂ̃fBX
     N̑ 0 ubNn܂܂D܂CItZbgʒu 0 łD
      14, 15 rbgɂ͂ꂼ 1 Zbg܂D̏ꍇC10 il
     2^14 + 2^15 = 49152 ƂȂ܂D

  ramdisk ϐƌvZłCrdev -r R}hgĐݒ肵
  Dݒ̍ۂɂ 10 igĂDLILO gĂꍇ
  ́Crdev ɓn̓}EgJ[l̃pX(:
  /mnt/vmlinuz)łȂ΂Ȃ܂DJ[l dd ŃRs[ꍇ́C
  ̑Ƀtbs[̃foCX(: /dev/fd0) g܂D
          rdev -r KERNEL_OR_FLOPPY_DRIVE  VALUE

  LILO gĂꍇɂ́Ctbs[A}Eg܂D

  6.4.  [gt@CVXe̓]

  Ō̃Xebv̓[gt@CVXe̓]łD

  o  [gt@CVXeJ[lƓfBXNɒuꍇC dd R}
     h seek IvVtăt@CVXe]܂D̃I
     vV͐擪XLbvubNw肷̂łD

             dd if=rootfs.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k seek=KERNEL_BLOCKS

  o  [gt@CVXe2Ԗڂ̃fBXNɒuꍇCŏ̃tbs[
     𔲂2Ԗڂ̃tbs[CɃ[gt@CVXe]
     ܂D

             dd if=rootfs.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k

  ꂳ܁CōƏIł! ً}p̃fBXNƂĕۊǂOɂ͕K
  eXg܂傤D̃fBXNŋNłȂ΁CguV[
  eBÔŁC̐ǂł݂܂傤D

  7.  guV[eBOC܂͍܂̋ꂵ

  u[gfBXN낤ƂꍇCŏ̉񂩂ŝ͂悭邱
  ƂłD[gfBXN쐬ۂɂ悭pj́C莝̃VX
  e畔ioătbs[x[X̃VXeɋlߍ݁CR\[
  ɃbZ[Wo܂ŎsJԂƂłDbZ[Wo
  ΔRłD̓VXeȂȂ܂ŁC
  Ă΂悢̂łDVXẽbZ[WoɃn
  Oꍇ́C̗R𒲂ׂ̂͑ςłDƂ\oiKɒB
  ɂ́C̕iƑĂāCݒ肳ĂKv
  ̂łDVXeĂȂ悤Ȗ邽߂̂
  ߂̎菇ȉɎ܂:

  o  ȉ̂悤ȃbZ[Wo͂邩܂:

     Kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on XX:YY

  ͂肪ȖłCĂ܂D܂foCX
  XX:YY foCXR[h̃XgŊmFĂDꂪ[gf
  oCXł? Ȃ΁Crdev -R ̎sYꂽCԈC[
  Wɑ΂ rdev -R sƎv܂DfoCXR[h
  ΁CɃfoCXhCoJ[lɑgݍ܂Ă邩ǂ
  ׂĂDtbs[fBXNCRAM fBXNCext2 t@CVXe
  ̃T|[gJ[lɑgݍ܂Ă邱Ƃm߂ĂD
  o  [gfBXNɈӐ}fBNg{Ɋ܂܂Ă邩C
     mF܂D/bin łȂ /rootdisk/bin ̂悤ȊԈfBNg
     ɃRs[Ă܂ƂƂȂǂ肪łD

  o  /lib/libc.so 邱ƂƁC/lib fBNg̃Nn[hfBX
     NƓɂȂĂ邱ƂmF܂D

  o  ݂̃VXe /dev fBNgɂV{bNN[
     gfBXÑt@CVXeɂ݂Ă邱ƂmF܂D܂
     N悪Ƃ邱ƂmF܂D /dev/console Yꂪ
     Ȃ̂ŋCtĂD

  o  [gfBXN /dev/tty1, /dev/null, /dev/zero, /dev/mem,
     /dev/ram, /dev/kmem 邱ƂmF܂D

  o  J[l̐ݒmFĂD OC܂łɕKvȃVXe
     \[X̃hCoSđgݍ܂Ăł傤(W[ł͂
     )D RAM fBXÑhCo̓J[lgݍ݂łȂ΂Ȃ܂
     D

  o  J[l̃[gfoCX RAM fBXN̐ݒ肪ǂmF
     ܂D

  ȏ̂悤ȈʓIȓ_mFłCɎ悤ȃt@C`FbN
  Ă݂܂傤:

  1. init  /sbin/init ܂ /bin/init Ƃđ݂ĂCs\
     ȂĂ邱ƂmFD

  2. ldd init sāC init ̎gCumFĂDʏ
      libc.so ł傤Cł`FbNĂDKvȃC
     u⃍[_fBXNɓĂ邱ƂmF܂D

     gĂ郉Cuɍ[_邱ƂmF܂D a.out `
     Ȃ ld.so łCELF `Ȃ ld-linux.so łD

  3. u[gfBXN /etc/inittab āC getty (邢 agetty,
     mgetty, getty_ps  getty Ɠ̃vO) ̌Ăяo𒲂
     ĂDƔOɔׂĂDƈӖLq
     ȂĂ邩Cg̃vÕ}jAy[WQƂĂ
     Dinittab ͂炭łłDȂȂ當@eC
     gĂ init vOVXe̍ɂĕςĂ܂
     łDinittab 𐳂߂̎i͂Cinit  inittab
     ̃}jAy[WǂŁC݂̃VXeu[gɂĂ邱
     ƂƂłD /etc/inittab āCɃVXȅ
     sĂGg邱ƂmFĂD̃t@C
     ̓VXê߂ɎsXNvgĂ͂łD
     Ŏw肳Ăt@C݂͑ĂȂ΂Ȃ܂D

  4. init ɍŝƓ悤ɁC getty ɑ΂Ă ldd sCKv
     Cu\܂DẴCũt@Cƃ[_
     [gt@CVXeɓĂ邱ƂmF܂D

  5. rc XNvgSĎsłVFvO(: bash  ash)
     邱ƂmF܂D

  6. XL[fBXN /etc/ld.so.chace łɑ݂Ă悤ł
     C蒼ĂD

  init NĂ̂悤ȃbZ[Wo͂邱Ƃ܂:

          Id xxx respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes

   init ôŁCg getty ܂ login NĂ
  ُIƂĂ܂D getty  login ̎st@CC
  炪ˑĂ郉Cu`FbNĂD 
  C/etc/inittab ̌ĂяoǂׂĂD
  getty ȃbZ[Wo͂ꍇ́C炭 /etc/inittab 
  ̌ĂяoԈĂ܂Dgetty ̃IvV̓vOɂĈ
  ܂D܂ agetty ł̓o[WɂČ݊Ȃꍇ邻
  łD

  OCvvgCOC͂̂ɁCɎ
  OCvvgVXeoꍇɂ́CPAM  NSS ɖ肪
  v܂D``PAM  NSS'' ̐߂DVhEpX[h
  gĂ̂ /etc/shadow u[gfBXNɃRs[ĂȂꍇ
  C̖肪o邱Ƃ܂D

  ̎st@C(Ⴆ df)XL[fBXNNƂɁC
  df: not found ̂悤ȃbZ[Woꍇɂ́C 2 _mFĂ
  : (1) oCifBNg PATH Ɋ܂܂Ă邩D (2)
  vOKvƂ郉Cu(ƃ[_)邩D

  8.  ̑̃gsbNX

  8.1.  t@CVXẽTCY̍팸

  t@CVXe傫āCkĂtbs[ɓȂƂ
  ܂DŁCt@CVXẽTCY炷@Љ
  DLȂ̂珇ɏЉ܂:

     fBXN̖xグ
        ftHgł́Ctbs[fBXN 1440K ŃtH[}bg
        ܂DCƍxŎgƂł܂Dfdformat 
        ̃TCYŃfBXNtH[}bgł܂: 1600, 1680, 1722,
        1743, 1760, 1840, 1920. 1440K ΉhCȗ啔 1722K ɂ
        ΉĂ̂ŁCM҂͂̃TCYu[gfBXNŎg
        ܂Dfdformat ̃}jAy[W
        /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt QƂĂD

     VFς
        Linux ŗǂgVF(bash  tcsh )͑傫ɐFXȃ
        CuKvƂ܂D̑pƂĎg ash, lsh, kiss
        , smash ̂悤Ȍyʂ̃VF܂D͏łCK
        vȃCuȂł(邢͑S܂)D̂悤
        VF̂قƂǂ
        <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/shells/> œł
        DĈ悤ȃVFgꍇɂ́Cu[gfBXNɑg
         rc t@CŎsR}hSĎsł邱ƂmF
        ĂĂD

     CuoCiXgbv
        oCi⃉Cȗ͕ʂ̓XgbvĂ܂(
        CfobOp̃V{܂܂Ă܂)D̂悤ȃt@C
        'file' s 'not stripped' ƕ\܂DoCi[g
        t@CVXeɃRs[Ƃɂ́Ĉ悤ɂƂ悢ł
        :

                objcopy --strip-all FROM TO

     CuRs[Ƃɂ͎̂悤ɂ܂:

             objcopy --strip-debug FROM TO

     K{łȂt@C[eBeBfBXNɈڂ
        u[g⃍OCɂ͒ڕKvȂoCíC[eBeBfB
        XNɈڂƂł܂Dڂ ``[eBeBfBXN
        ''̐߂DW[[eBeBfBXNɈڂ
        ƂlĂ悢܂D

  8.2.   RAM fBXÑ[gt@CVXe

  ``[gt@CVXe쐬''̏͂ł́Ck`̃[gt@CVXe
  ̍쐬@܂D̓VXe̋N ramkdisk ւ̃[
  hŝłD̕@ɂ͗_̂ŁCʓIɎgĂ܂D
  łVXeɂẮCȂ RAM fBXNpӂłȂ
  Ƃ܂D̂悤ȏꍇɂ́Ctbs[fBXN璼ڃ[g
  t@CVXe}EgȂ΂Ȃ܂D

  k`̃t@CVXeĈ悤ȃt@CVXe
  ͊ȒPłDȂȂCʂ̃foCXł͂Ȃڃtbs[
  ɍ쐬邱Ƃł邵CkKvȂłDł͑O̐
  Ƃ̑_̌`ō쐬@̊T܂D̕@gꍇɂ́Cg
  eʂ͂ƏȂĂ܂_YȂ悤ɂ܂傤D

  1. [gɒut@CɎgeʂvZ܂D

     1̃u[g/[gfBXNꍇCJ[l̃ubNƃ[g
     t@CVXẽubNS1̃fBXNɎ܂悤ɂȂ
     ΂Ȃ܂D

  2. mke2fs pCK؂ȃTCỸ[gt@CVXetbs[
     쐬܂D

  3. ɏqׂ菇Ńt@CVXeڂ܂D

  4. ꂪICt@CVXeA}EgCfBXN
     ̃t@Cɓ]܂DkĂ͂܂D

  5. ɏqׂ菇ŃJ[ltbs[ɓ]܂Dramdisk ϐ
     ߂Ƃɂ́C14rbg0ɂă[gt@CVXe RAM fB
     XNɃ[hȂƂw܂DOɐ悤 rdev 
     s܂D

  6. ̐Ɠ悤Ƀ[gt@CVXe]܂D

  ƊȒPȕ@܂D2g̃fBXNZbg
  ꍇCŏIIȃ[gt@CVXe𒼐2ڂ̃fBXNɍ΁C
  xn[hfBXÑt@CɈڂĂĂя߂Kv͂܂D
  CLILO g1̃u[g/[gfBXNꍇCfBXNŜ
  1̃t@CVXeɂCJ[lCLILO ֘At@CC[gɒu
  t@CSĒuƂł܂D̏ꍇOɏqׂ悤 LILO 
  s邾łD

  8.3.  [eBeBfBXN̍쐬

  O̐ɂ́C[eBeBfBXN /usrɃ}Eg邱Ƃł
  Ə܂D̏ꍇɂ̓oCi[eBeBfBXN /bin ɒu
  ܂DƁCpX /usr/bin ɒʂ΃ANZXł悤ɂȂ
  DoCiKvƂǉ̃Cu̓[eBeBfBXN
  /lib ɒu܂D

  [eBeBfBXN쐬̍ۂɂ͒ӂׂ_܂:

  1. VXeɕK{̃oCi⃉Cu[eBeBfBXNɒu
     Ă͂Ȃ܂D̃fBXN̓VXeN܂ł̓}Eg
     ƂłȂłD

  2. tbs[fBXNhCuƃtbs[e[vhCuɓɃANZ
     X邱Ƃ͂ł܂D܂胆[eBeBfBXÑ}Eg
     ́Ctbs[e[vhCuɂ̓ANZXłȂƂƂłD

  3. [eBeBfBXÑt@Cւ̃ANZX͒xȂ܂D

  [eBeBfBXNɒut@C̗Ct^ ``[eBeB
  fBXÑTṽfBNgꗗ'' ɍڂĂ܂Dł͕֗
  v̂Ă܂: fBXŇEp̃vO
  (format, fdisk)Ct@CVXěEp̃vO(mke2fs,
  fsck, debugfs, isofs.o)CyʃeLXgGfB^(elvis, jove)CkEA[
  JCũ[eBeB (gzip, tar, cpio, afio)Ce[vp[eB
  eB(mt, tob, taper)CʐM[eBeB(ppp.o, slip.o, minicom)Cfo
  CXp̃[eBeB(setserial, mknod)D

  9.  vg@

  {Őu[gfBXNCW[ȃfBXgr[V
  (Slackware, RedHat, Debian )ŎgĂu[gfBXN̕悭
  Ă邱Ƃɓǎ҂̊FCÂ邩܂D̂悤ȃfBX
  gr[Ṽu[gfBXN{IȂƂ͓Ȃ̂łC
  FXȃeNjbNgĂ܂DƂ̂Ĉ悤ȃu[gfBX
  Nɂ́CKv葽邩łD܂Ĉ悤ȃu[gfBXN
  ͐FXȃn[hEFAœ삵Ȃ΂ȂȂ̂ŁC[Uw肵e
  foCXhCo[hłȂ΂Ȃ܂DɁCFXȃCXg[
  IvVœ삵Ȃ΂Ȃ܂ (̓CXg[̎̓x
  ɂĕς܂)DɁCfBXgr[Ṽu[gfB
  XN̓CXg[ƃXL[̋@\킹Ă܂D

  u[gfBXNɂĂ initrd ( RAM fBXN (initial ramdisk))
  Ƃ@\gĂ̂܂D̋@\̓J[l 2.0.x 
  œꂽ̂ŁC2 ̃tF[YɕăJ[lNł悤ɂ
  ܂DŏɃJ[lNƂC initrd ͏ RAM fBXÑC
  [Wu[gfBXN烍[h܂D̏ RAM fBXN̓[g
  t@CVXełCۂ̃[gt@CVXẽ[h̑OɎs
  vOĂ܂DʏC̃vO̓VXe𒲂
  C[UɋNIvV(ۂ̃[gfBXN[hfoCX
  )₢킹肵܂D܂ initrd ́CJ[lɑgݍ܂Ă
  ǉW[̃[hs܂D̏vOIƁCJ
  [l͎ۂ̃[gC[W[hĒʏʂɋN𑱍s
  Dinitrd ɊւڂɂẮC
  /usr/src/linux/Documentation/initrd.txt
  <ftp://elserv.ffm.fgan.de/pub/linux/loadlin-1.6/initrd-example.tgz> 
  D

  : JF ɂ initrd.txt ̖| ܂D܂C Ext-Rootfs-mini-
  HOWTO Ƃ֘A܂D

  ȉł͊efBXgr[ṼCXg[fBXNǂ̂悤ɓ
  ̂ȒPɐ܂D͂ꂼ̃t@CVXe\[XR
  [h𒲂ׂʂɊÂ̂łD̏񂪐ۏ؂͂܂
  C{ɏĂo[Wȍ~ŕύXĂȂۏ؂܂
  D

  Slackware (o[W 3.1) ``LILO gJ[l̓]''̐߂ŏq
  悤ȁCfȕ@gĂ܂DSlackware ̃u[gfBXN LILO
   message p[^gāCNbZ[W (``Welcome to the
  Slackware Linux bootkernel disk!'')\܂D̃bZ[Wg
  C[U̕KvɉċNp[^s͂܂DŇ
  ɁC2ڂ̃fBXN烋[gt@CVXe[h܂Dꂩ
  烆[U setup XNvgsāCCXg[Jn
  DSlackware ł́CJ[lW[ȂŁCFXȎނ̃J[l
  (u[gfBXN)pӂĂ܂D[Ũ͎n[hEFAɍ
  ̂I܂D

  RedHat(o[W 4.0) LILO ɂNs܂DLILO ͈k`
  RAM fBXNŏ̃fBXN烍[hC ramdisk ŃJX^}CY
  ꂽ init vOs܂D̃vO̓hCo̖₢
  킹sCꂩKvɉĒǉfBXNǉ̃t@C[h
  ܂D

  Debian (o[W 1.3)̃CXg[fBXN͑ƂÂĂ
  ̂ł傤D̃fBXN SYSLINUX Ƃ[_gĊe탍[hI
  vV𐮗Cinitrd C[WgăCXg[̊ԃ[ŨKC
  hs܂DDebian ł̓JX^}CY init ƃJX^}CYVF
  gĂ悤łD

  10.  FAQ(悭鎿)Xg

  Q. boot/root fBXNu[ĝłCN܂Dǂ
  ΂悢ł傤?

  {``guV[eBO''̏͂D

  Q. Slackware  Debian, RedHat ̃u[gfBXN͂ǂ̂悤ɂē
  ̂ł?

  ``vg@''̏͂D

  Q. XYZ hCou[gfBXNɂ?

  łȒPȕ@ Slackware ̃J[lŊ Slackware ̃~[TC
  gĂ邱ƂłD Slackware ̃J[l͉\Ȍ肽
  hColߍ񂾔ėp̃J[lłC SCSI  IDE ̃Rg[
  łɑ݂ȂC̃hCo Slackware ̃J[lɊ܂܂
  \͍ł傤D

  莝̃Rg[ɍ悤 a1 fBNg IDE ܂ SCSI
  ̃J[lIт܂D xxxxkern.cfg t@CāCI񂾃J[lɕK
  vȃhCo܂܂Ă邩ǂmFĂDKvȃfoCX
  Xgɂ΂̃J[lłȂ̃Rs[^u[gł͂
  D xxxxkern.tgz _E[hCu[gfBXN̍쐬@̏͂Ő
  ŃfBXNɃRs[ĂD

  Ɉȉ rdev R}hsăJ[l̃[gfoCXmFĂ
  :
          rdev zImage

  rdev ݂͌̃J[lɐݒ肳Ă郋[gfoCX\܂D
  ]foCXƈقȂꍇ͍Ă rdev gĕύX܂DႦΎ
  J[lł /dev/sda2 ݒ肳Ă܂C̃[gɂȂ
  SCSI p[eBV /dev/sda8 łD root fBXNgɂ́Cȉ
  R}hsKvł傤D

          rdev zImage /dev/fd0

  Slackware  root Ɠ悤ȃfBXN肽CƂ͂
  HOWTO ͈̔͂zĂ܂D Linux Install Guide 邩Cۂ
  Slackware ̃pbP[WɓĂD@͂ HOWTO ̎Q
  l̏͂ɏĂ܂D

  Q. J[lVu[gtbs[͂ǂ̂悤ɕύX΂悢
  傤?

  VJ[lu[gfBXNɃRs[邾łDu[gfBX
  N̏ꍇ dd R}hC u[g/[gfBXN̏ꍇ cp R}h
  g܂D u[gfBXN̍쐬ɊւẮC``Boot'' ̏͂QƂĂ
  DɏĂ@̓u[gfBXÑJ[lXVꍇɂ
  g܂D

  : u[g/[gfBXN̏ꍇ LILO sĂKv
  D

  Q. ǂ΃[gfBXÑt@CVłł傤?

  łyȕ@́Ct@CVXe[gfBXN玩gĂf
  oCXɃRs[邱Ƃł(Oq ``t@CVXe̍쐬'' ̐߂Q
  ƂĂ)DɃt@CVXe}EgCύXs܂D
  ̂ƂC[gt@CVXen܂ʒuƎgpubN̓
  Ă܂傤D

          dd if=/dev/fd0 bs=1k skip=ROOTBEGIN count=BLOCKS | gunzip > DEVICE
          mount -t ext2 DEVICE /mnt

  ύXICOq(``dグ'' ̐)̎菇Ń[gt@CVXe
  fBXNɏ߂܂DV[gt@CVXe̊JnʒuύX
  ȂCJ[l̓]Cramdisk ϐ̍ČvZ̕Kv͂
  D

  Q. DOS u[g邽߂ LILO 폜̂łD

  {̓u[gfBXNƂ͊֌WȂbȂłCɂ悭鎿
  DLinux ł͎̃R}hsĂ:

               /sbin/lilo -u

  LILO ۑobNAbv dd R}hgău[gZN^ɃRs[
  邱Ƃł܂D̕@ɂĂ LILO ̕QƂĂD

  DOS  Windows ł͎̃R}hg܂:

               FDISK /MBR

  MBR  Master Boot Record ̗łD̃R}hɂău[gZN^
  DOS ̂̂ɒuς܂D̂Ƃp[eBVe[u͕ς܂
  D̕@ɔ΂R`R` Linux k܂C LILO ̍҂
   Werner Almesberger ͎^hłDȒPłCƋ@\܂D

  Q. J[lu[gfBXN܂Ƃ߂ĖĂ܂܂Dǂ
  傤?

  u[gfBXNpӂĂȂꍇɂ́C炭 Slackware ̃J[
  l𗘗p̂ԊȒPł傤Dg̃fBXNRg[̃^C
  v(IDE  SCSI)ɍgĂDeɊւẮuXYZ hCo
  u[gfBXNɂ?vQ&AɏĂ܂D̃J[l
  ŃRs[^u[głQ𒼂ĂD

  ĂJ[lł́C[gfoCX]̃fBXNp[eBV
  ɂȂĂȂ܂DႦ Slackware  SCSI J[lł̓
  [g̃foCX /dev/sda2 ɂȂĂ܂DႦΎ Linux p[
  eBV /dev/sda8 łD̂悤ȏꍇɂ̓J[l̃[gfoC
  XݒύXȂ΂Ȃ܂D

  Linux ̃VXeȂĂCJ[l̃[gfoCX RAM fBXN
  ݒ͕ύX邱Ƃł܂D DOS Ȃǂ OS  OK łD

  rdev ̓J[lt@Č܂ItZbgAhX̒̕l
  Ă܂DłCǂȃVXê̂łoCiGfB^
  ΓƂł܂DႦ DOS ȂCm[g[eBeB̃fB
  XNGfB^Ȃǂg܂DJ[l̈ȉ̃ItZbgAhX̒l
  ׂāCKvɉĕύX܂:

       16i    10i 
       0x01F8  504  ramdisk ϐ̉ʃoCg
       0x01F9  505  ramdisk ϐ̏ʃoCg
       0x01FC  508  [gfoCX̃}Ci[ԍ -- ȉŐ܂
       0X01FD  509  [gfoCX̃W[ԍ -- ȉŐ܂

  ramdisk ϐ̈Ӗ ``ramdisk ϐ̐ݒ'' ̐߂ŊɐĂ܂D

  W[ԍƃ}Ci[ԍ̓[gt@CVXe}EgfoC
  X̔ԍɃZbg܂DǂgԍȉɋĂ܂:

       foCX     W[ }Ci[
       /dev/fd0            2     0   ŏ̃tbs[hCu
       /dev/hda1           3     1   ŏ IDE hCũp[eBV1
       /dev/sda1           8     1   ŏ SCSI hCũp[eBV1
       /dev/sda8           8     8   ŏ SCSI hCũp[eBV8

  ̒lݒ肵CJ[lt@Ctbs[ɏ݂܂Dm
  [g[eBeB̃fBXNGfB^C rawrite.exe ƌĂ΂ DOS
  R}hg܂D̃vO͂قƂǂ̃fBXgr[V
  Ă܂DfBXN raw foCXƂ݂Ȃău[gZN^t@C
  ݂܂Dt@CVXeƂĂ͈܂Dm[g[eB
  eBgꍇɂ̓t@C𕨗fBXN̐擪珑ޕKv
  ܂D

  Q. u[g/[gfBXNRs[@ĂD

  CfBA͌o򉻂܂CIWiꂽƂ̂߂ɗ\
  XL[fBXN~ƂłD

  u[gfBXN⃆[eBeB̃tbs[Rs[łȒPȕ@
  ́C dd R}hgăIWĩtbs[̓en[hfBXN
  t@CɃRs[C܂ dd R}hŕʂ̃tbs[ɏ߂
  łD dd R}h raw foCXւ݂̏ł܂tb
  s[}EgKv͂܂(tɃ}EgĂ͂܂)D

  IWiRs[ɂ͎̃R}hp܂:

               dd if=DEVICENAME of=FILENAME
                DEVICENAME ̓fBXNhCũfoCXłC
               FILENAME (n[hfBXN)o̓t@Cł

  ̂悤 count p[^ȗƁCfBXNŜł2880 ub
  N(xtbs[̏ꍇ)Rs[܂D

  ꎞt@CVtbs[ɏ߂ɂ́CVtbs[
  ̃R}hs܂:

               dd if=FILENAME of=DEVICENAME

  ܂ŏqׂĂe̓tbs[hCuЂƂȂꍇłD
  hCu 2 ꍇɂ́Ĉ悤ȃR}hgΒڃt
  bs[ԂŃRs[ł܂:

               dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/fd1

  Q. u[ĝт "ahaxxxx=nn,nn,nn" Ƒłނ͖̂ʓ|łD

  Ⴆ SCSI foCXIɌoȂ悤ȏꍇɂ́CJ[lɈ
  ̂悤ȃp[^^ĂKv܂:

               aha152x=0x340,11,3,1

  LILO pẴp[^J[lɓnɂ͂̕@
  ܂:

  o  VXe LILO ɂċN邽тɃR}hCp[
     ^łށD͖ʓ|ȂłˁH

  o  LILO  ``lock'' L[[hpāCR}hCł񂾃p
     [^ftHgɂD̃u[gł LILO ͖񓯂Iv
     Vg悤ɂȂ܂D

  o  LILO ̐ݒt@C append= 錾gDp[^͈p
     ň͂ޕKv邱ƂɒӂĂD

  R}hCp[^łޏꍇ͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂ
  傤:

               zImage  aha152x=0x340,11,3,1 root=/dev/sda1 lock

  ̓foCX̃p[^nCJ[lɃ[gfoCX
  /dev/sda1 ɂ悤wCɂ̃R}hCŜۑĎ
  ̃u[gōĂїp悤ɂĂ܂D

  APPEND 錾̗ȉɎ܂:

               APPEND = "aha152x=0x340,11,3,1"

  R}hCł̓p[^͈pň͂Ă͂܂Dt
  APPEND 錾ł͈pň͂Ȃ΂܂DԈႦȂ悤ɁD

  p[^@\ɂ̓J[lɃhCo܂܂ĂȂ
  Ȃ܂D܂܂ĂȂ΂p[^󂯎̂Ȃ
  łCKvȃhCo܂񂾃J[lč\zKv܂DJ
  [lč\z̏ڍׂɂĂ /usr/src/linux fBNg README C
  Linux FAQC Installation HOWTO Ȃǂǂ݂D܂͕Kvȃh
  Co܂񂾔ėp̃J[lɓCgĂD

  LILO CXg[O LILO ̕tǂłƂE
  ߂܂Dspӂ BOOT 錾gƁCp[eBV󂷂Ƃ肦
  ܂D

  Q. u[g A: cannot execute B ƂG[o܂D

  郆[eBeB̃vONꍇC̃vO̖O
  [eBeB̓Ƀn[hR[hĂ邱Ƃ܂D̂悤
  ȏꍇ́CۂɃvOĂ[eBeBɂ͌ȂƂ
  ƂN܂D strings R}hpo͂pCv grep ɂȂ
  ΁CN[eBeBǂȖOő̃vOgĂ
  킩܂D

  n[hR[h̗ƂĈȉ̂悤Ȃ̂mĂ܂:

  o  ̃o[W shutdown  /etc/reboot 𒼐ڃvOɏ
     Ă܂D] reboot  /etc ɒuKv܂D

  o  J[l init tȂƂ肪NƂ
     D

  ̖ɂ̓vO𐳂fBNgɈړ邩C
   inittab ̂悤Ȑݒt@C̕ύXKv܂D
  ^킵ꍇɂ͌݃n[hfBXNŎgĂ̂ƓfBNg\
  C inittab, /etc/rc.d gĂ݂邱ƂłD

  Q. ̃J[l RAM fBXN@\T|[gĂ̂ RAM fBXN
  ̃TCY 0K ɂȂĂ܂܂D

  ̂悤ȂƂNꍇ́CJ[l̋NɎ̂悤ȃbZ[W
  \܂:

          Ramdisk driver initialized : 16 ramdisks of 0K size

  ͂炭u[gɂ̃TCYJ[lp[^ 0 ɐݒ肳
  Ă邽߂ł傤D LILO ̐ݒt@CɈȉ̂悤ȍs܂
  ?

       ramdisk= 0

  ÂfBXgr[V̈ꕔł LILO ̐ݒt@C̃Tvɂ
  ̍sĂ邱Ƃ܂D̍s̓J[lł̐ݒD悳
  ܂܂D̂悤ȍs΍폜܂傤D

  TCY 0  RAM fBXNgpꍇ̌ʂ͗\ł܂DJ[l
  pjbNN邱Ƃ肦܂D

  A.  ֘A

  pbP[W肷Ƃɂ́CʂȗRȂ͂ł邾V
  ̂肵܂傤D

  A.1.  ̃u[gfBXN̓

  ŋ̂̓fBXgr[Ṽu[gfBXN̔zzłD}
  VɕׂȂ߂ɁC~[TCgg悤ɂ܂傤D

  o  Slackware ̃u[gfBXN
     <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/slackware/bootdsks.144/>C
     [gfBXN
     <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/slackware/rootdsks/>C

     Slackware ̃~[TCg <http://www.slackware.com/getslack/>

  o  RedHat ̃u[gfBXN
     <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/redhat/current/i386/images/>CRedHat
     ̃~[TCg <http://www.redhat.com/mirrors.html>

  o  Debian ̃u[gfBXN
     <ftp://ftp.debian.org/pub/debian/dists/stable/main/disks-
     i386/current/>, Debian ̃~[TCg
     <ftp://ftp.debian.org/pub/debian/README.mirrors.html>

  fBXgr[Ṽu[gfBXNȊOɂCȉ̂悤ȃXL[
  fBXÑC[W\łDɎw肵Ȃ
  <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery/!INDEX.html> fB
  Ngɂ܂D

  o  tomsrtbt, ҂ Tom Oehser DJ[l 2.0 x[X 1 ̃u[
     g/[gfBXND̋@\ƃT|[gvOtĂ
     DIDE, SCSI, e[vClbg[NJ[hCPCMCIA T|[gD
     fBXN̏Cƃf[^߂̂߂̃[eBeBvO
     100 ĂD̃pbP[Wɂ́CKvɉĐV̂ǉ
     ł悤ɁCC[W̕ƍč\̂߂̃XNvgĂ
     D

  o  rescue02, ҂ John Comyns DJ[l 1.3.86 x[X̃XL
     [fBXNDIDE, Adaptec 1542, NCR53C7,8xx T|[gDELF oCi
     gĂ邪CǂȃVXeɂłg邾̃R}hĂ
     D SCSI J[h̃T|[gpɋNɃ[hł郂W[
     DRAM fBXN 3M KvȂ̂ŁC 4M ̃}Vł͓삵
     ȂƎvD

  o  resque_disk-2.0.22, ҂ Sergei Viznyuk DKvȋ@\S
     ĂCJ[l 2.0.22 x[X1̃u[g/[gfBXNDIDE
     Ƒ SCSI Rg[CELF, a.out gݍłD̃
     W[CfBXNCEf[^p̃[eBeBĂ
     D

  o  cramdisk C[WCJ[l 2.0.33 x[XD 4M  8M ̃}V
     łp\Dmath G~[Vƃlbg[N(PPP, dialin X
     NvgCNE2000, 3C509)Cp|[gp ZIP hCuT|[gD
     ̃fBXNC[W RAM  4M  386 NłDlbg[N
      DOS p[eBV܂Ń_E[hɗpł悤ɁCMSDOS T
     |[gĂD

     <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery/images>

  A.2.  XL[pbP[W

  XL[fBXN邽߂̃pbP[W metalab.unc.edu ł
  肷邱Ƃł܂DpbP[WgƁCt@C
  Zbgł܂Ƃ߂Ďw肵Cu[gfBXN̍쐬(x͂낢날
  ܂)\tgEFAŎ邱Ƃł܂Dڂ
  <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery/!INDEX.html> 
  Dt@C̓t͂悭mFĂDƂ̂Cꕔ̃pb
  P[W͉NԂXVĂ炸CRAM fBXNɃ[h鈳k`̃
  [gt@CVXe̍쐬T|[gĂ܂DM҂mł́C
  ̂悤ȌÂpbP[W Yard łD

  A.3.  Graham Chapman ̃VFXNvg

  Graham Chapman ̓u[gfBXN̗̍ƂāC֗ȃXNv
  g̃Zbg쐬Ă܂D HOWTO ̑Õo[Wł͂̃XN
  vgt^ƂēĂ܂C݂͕ɍڂ̂͂߂ăEFuy
  [WɒuĂ܂:

  <http://www.zeta.org.au/~grahamc/linux.html>

  ̃XNvggΕ֗Ǝv܂C͂悭ǂł
  DႦ΁CXbvfoCXԈႦĎw肷ƁC[gt@CVX
  eՌ`ȂĂ܂܂DgOɂ͂Ɛݒ肳Ă
  m߂܂傤D

  A.4.  LILO -- Linux [_

  ҂ Werner Almesberger łDDꂽu[g[_łChL
  gɂ̓u[gZN^̓eu[gvZX̏iKɊւ񂪏
  Ă܂D

  <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/lilo/>  ftp œ肷邱
  Ƃł܂Dmetalab ₻̃~[肷邱Ƃł܂D

  A.5.  Linux FAQ  HOWTO 

  FXȂƂɒuĂ܂D usenet ̃j[XO[v news.answers
   comp.os.linux.answers ĂD

  FAQ  <http://linuxdoc.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.html> œł܂
  CHOWTO  <http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX.html> œ
  ܂D Linux ֘Â̕قƂǂ Linux Documentation Project ̃z
  [y[W <http://linuxdoc.org/> œł܂D

  A.6.  RAM fBXN̎g

  VȂ RAM fBXN̓ɊւDꂽ Linux J[lɕt
  Ă܂D /usr/src/linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt Ă
  D Paul Gortmaker 񂪏̂ŁCkt@CVXe̍
  Ă܂D

  A.7.  Linux ̃u[gvZX

  Linux ̃u[gvZX̊ււ̃|C^Ă
  :

  o  uThe Linux System Administrators' Guidevɂ̓u[gɂĂ̏͂
     ܂D <http://linuxdoc.org/LDP/sag/c1596.html> 
     D

  o  LILO  ``Technical overview''
     <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/boot/lilo/lilo-t-20.ps.gz>
     ́CJ[lX^[g܂ł̃u[gvZXʃxLq
     ZpIƂāCɗDꂽ̂łD

  o  \[XR[h͋ɂ̃KChłDu[gɊ֘AJ[l̃t@C
     ܂DLinux J[l̃\[XR[hĂ΁C}
     V /usr/src/linux ɂƎv܂DȊOɂC Shigio
     Yamaguchi (shigio@tamacom.com) 쐬ꂽf炵nCp[e
     LXgJ[luEU
     <http://www.tamacom.com/tour/linux/index.html> ɂ܂DȉɊ
     At@C܂:

     arch/i386/boot/bootsect.S,setup.S
        u[gZN^ɊւAZuR[hD

     arch/i386/boot/compressed/misc.c
        kꂽJ[l̓WJɊւR[hD

     arch/i386/kernel/
        J[l̏̃R[hDsetup.c  ramdisk ϐD

     drivers/block/rd.c
        RAM fBXNhCoDrd_load 葱 rd_load_image 葱
        ̓foCX RAM fBXNɃubN[h
        Didentify_ramdisk_image ̓t@CVXe̎ނ𔻕ʂCW
        J邩ǂ߂D

  B.  LILO ̃u[g̃G[R[h

  Usenet ł LILO Ɋւ鎿₪̂ŁCIȃT[rX̂Ő
  ܂D̐ Werner Almsberger 񂪏 LILO ̃[U
  甲̂łD̕
  <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/boot/lilo/lilo-u-21.ps.gz> 
  ł܂D

  LILO g̃[hIƁC``LILO'' ƕ\܂Dꂼ̕
  ͉炩̑sOɕ\܂Dǂ LILO ~܂ꍇC
  ܂łɕ\ꂽΖ_킩܂D

     ()
        LILO ͑S[hĂ܂D LILO CXg[
        ĂȂCu[gZN^QƂĂp[eBVANeB
        ułȂ̂ǂ炩ł傤D

     L  ŏ̃Xe[W̃u[g[_̓[hEN܂C2 Ԗڂ
        Xe[W̃u[g[_[hł܂łD2̃G[R[
        h\̂Ŗ̎ނ킩܂D(``Disk error codes''
        ̏͂D) ̏Ԃ̏ꍇ͒ʏCfBAُ킩WI
        g̕sv (: fBXÑp[^̌)NĂ܂D

     LI ŏ̃Xe[W̃u[g[_2Ԗڂ̃Xe[W̃u[g[_
        [h邱Ƃ͂ł܂Cs邱Ƃ͂ł܂łD
        ̌́CWIg̕sv /boot/boot.b 𓮂̂Ƀ}bv
        CXg[sȂ̂̂ǂ炩ł傤D

     LIL
        2Ԗڂ̃Xe[W̃u[g[_͋N܂C}bvt@C
        Lqe[uǂݏoƂł܂łĎ͕
        ʁCfBÄُ킩WIg̕sv̂ǂ炩łD

     LIL?
        2Ԗڂ̃Xe[W̃u[g[_ԈAhXŋN܂
        Ď͒ʏCWIgɂĂ邩C
        /boot/boot.b 𓮂̂Ƀ}bvCXg[sȂ
        łD

     LIL-
        Lqe[uĂ܂Ď̓WIg̕sv
        C/boot/boot.b 𓮂̂Ƀ}bvCXg[sȂ
        łD

     LILO
        LILO ̑SĂ̕𐳏Ƀ[hł܂D

  LILO u[gC[W[h悤Ƃ BIOS G[o
  CɑΉG[R[h\܂D̃G[R[h͈̔͂
  0x00  0xbb łD̓eɂĂ LILO ̃[UKChQƂ
  D

  C.  [gfBXÑTṽfBNgꗗ

  [gt@CVXeƃ[eBeBfBXÑTv̓e
  :

  [gfBNg:
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 bin
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         4096 Nov  1 15:39 dev
  drwx--x--x   3 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 etc
  drwx--x--x   4 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 lib
  drwx--x--x   5 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 mnt
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 proc
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 root
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 sbin
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 tmp
  drwx--x--x   7 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 usr
  drwx--x--x   5 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 var

  /bin:
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        62660 Nov  1 15:39 ash
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         9032 Nov  1 15:39 cat
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        10276 Nov  1 15:39 chmod
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         9592 Nov  1 15:39 chown
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        23124 Nov  1 15:39 cp
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        23028 Nov  1 15:39 date
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        14052 Nov  1 15:39 dd
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        14144 Nov  1 15:39 df
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        69444 Nov  1 15:39 egrep
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root          395 Nov  1 15:39 false
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        69444 Nov  1 15:39 fgrep
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        69444 Nov  1 15:39 grep
  -rwx--x--x   3 root     root        45436 Nov  1 15:39 gunzip
  -rwx--x--x   3 root     root        45436 Nov  1 15:39 gzip
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         8008 Nov  1 15:39 hostname
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        12736 Nov  1 15:39 ln
  -rws--x--x   1 root     root        15284 Nov  1 15:39 login
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        29308 Nov  1 15:39 ls
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         8268 Nov  1 15:39 mkdir
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         8920 Nov  1 15:39 mknod
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        24836 Nov  1 15:39 more
  -rws--x--x   1 root     root        37640 Nov  1 15:39 mount
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        12240 Nov  1 15:39 mt
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        12932 Nov  1 15:39 mv
  -r-x--x--x   1 root     root        12324 Nov  1 15:39 ps
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         5388 Nov  1 15:39 pwd
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        10092 Nov  1 15:39 rm
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            3 Nov  1 15:39 sh -> ash
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        25296 Nov  1 15:39 stty
  -rws--x--x   1 root     root        12648 Nov  1 15:39 su
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         4444 Nov  1 15:39 sync
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root       110668 Nov  1 15:39 tar
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        19712 Nov  1 15:39 touch
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root          395 Nov  1 15:39 true
  -rws--x--x   1 root     root        19084 Nov  1 15:39 umount
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         5368 Nov  1 15:39 uname
  -rwx--x--x   3 root     root        45436 Nov  1 15:39 zcat

  /dev:
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            6 Nov  1 15:39 cdrom -> cdu31a
  brw-rw-r--   1 root     root      15,   0 May  5  1998 cdu31a
  crw-------   1 root     root       4,   0 Nov  1 15:29 console
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     uucp       5,  64 Sep  9 19:46 cua0
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     uucp       5,  65 May  5  1998 cua1
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     uucp       5,  66 May  5  1998 cua2
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     uucp       5,  67 May  5  1998 cua3
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,   0 Aug  8 13:54 fd0
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  36 Aug  8 13:54 fd0CompaQ
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  84 Aug  8 13:55 fd0D1040
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  88 Aug  8 13:55 fd0D1120
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  12 Aug  8 13:54 fd0D360
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  16 Aug  8 13:54 fd0D720
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2, 120 Aug  8 13:55 fd0D800
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  32 Aug  8 13:54 fd0E2880
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2, 104 Aug  8 13:55 fd0E3200
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2, 108 Aug  8 13:55 fd0E3520
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2, 112 Aug  8 13:55 fd0E3840
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  28 Aug  8 13:54 fd0H1440
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2, 124 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H1600
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  44 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H1680
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  60 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H1722
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  76 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H1743
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  96 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H1760
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2, 116 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H1840
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2, 100 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H1920
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            7 Nov  1 15:39 fd0H360 -> fd0D360
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            7 Nov  1 15:39 fd0H720 -> fd0D720
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  52 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H820
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  68 Aug  8 13:55 fd0H830
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,   4 Aug  8 13:54 fd0d360
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,   8 Aug  8 13:54 fd0h1200
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  40 Aug  8 13:54 fd0h1440
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  56 Aug  8 13:55 fd0h1476
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  72 Aug  8 13:55 fd0h1494
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  92 Aug  8 13:55 fd0h1600
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  20 Aug  8 13:54 fd0h360
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  48 Aug  8 13:55 fd0h410
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  64 Aug  8 13:55 fd0h420
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  24 Aug  8 13:54 fd0h720
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,  80 Aug  8 13:55 fd0h880
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   0 May  5  1998 hda
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   1 May  5  1998 hda1
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   2 May  5  1998 hda2
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   3 May  5  1998 hda3
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   4 May  5  1998 hda4
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   5 May  5  1998 hda5
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   6 May  5  1998 hda6
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,  64 May  5  1998 hdb
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,  65 May  5  1998 hdb1
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,  66 May  5  1998 hdb2
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,  67 May  5  1998 hdb3
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,  68 May  5  1998 hdb4
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,  69 May  5  1998 hdb5
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,  70 May  5  1998 hdb6
  crw-r-----   1 root     kmem       1,   2 May  5  1998 kmem
  crw-r-----   1 root     kmem       1,   1 May  5  1998 mem
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           12 Nov  1 15:39 modem -> ../dev/ttyS1
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           12 Nov  1 15:39 mouse -> ../dev/psaux
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root       1,   3 May  5  1998 null
  crwxrwxrwx   1 root     root      10,   1 Oct  5 20:22 psaux
  brw-r-----   1 root     disk       1,   1 May  5  1998 ram
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   0 May  5  1998 ram0
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   1 May  5  1998 ram1
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   2 May  5  1998 ram2
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   3 May  5  1998 ram3
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   4 May  5  1998 ram4
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   5 May  5  1998 ram5
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   6 May  5  1998 ram6
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   7 May  5  1998 ram7
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   8 May  5  1998 ram8
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   9 May  5  1998 ram9
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            4 Nov  1 15:39 ramdisk -> ram0
  *** M҂gĂ IDE p[eBVp̃foCXĂ܂D
  *** SCSI gꍇɂ́C /dev/sdXX foCXg܂D
  crw-------   1 root     root       4,   0 May  5  1998 tty0
  crw--w----   1 root     tty        4,   1 Nov  1 15:39 tty1
  crw-------   1 root     root       4,   2 Nov  1 15:29 tty2
  crw-------   1 root     root       4,   3 Nov  1 15:29 tty3
  crw-------   1 root     root       4,   4 Nov  1 15:29 tty4
  crw-------   1 root     root       4,   5 Nov  1 15:29 tty5
  crw-------   1 root     root       4,   6 Nov  1 15:29 tty6
  crw-------   1 root     root       4,   7 May  5  1998 tty7
  crw-------   1 root     tty        4,   8 May  5  1998 tty8
  crw-------   1 root     tty        4,   9 May  8 12:57 tty9
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root       4,  65 Nov  1 12:17 ttyS1
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root       1,   5 May  5  1998 zero

  /etc:
  -rw-------   1 root     root          164 Nov  1 15:39 conf.modules
  -rw-------   1 root     root          668 Nov  1 15:39 fstab
  -rw-------   1 root     root           71 Nov  1 15:39 gettydefs
  -rw-------   1 root     root          389 Nov  1 15:39 group
  -rw-------   1 root     root          413 Nov  1 15:39 inittab
  -rw-------   1 root     root           65 Nov  1 15:39 issue
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          746 Nov  1 15:39 ld.so.cache
  *** ld.so.cache  ldconfig t@CŁCCüʒuLb
  *** V܂DN ld.so.cache ƓȂ̂͂
  *** ܂Du[gfBXN ld.so.cache 蒼Cu[
  *** gfBXN ldconfig Crc.x XNvg ldconfig s
  *** ăLbVXV܂傤D
  -rw-------   1 root     root           32 Nov  1 15:39 motd
  -rw-------   1 root     root          949 Nov  1 15:39 nsswitch.conf
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 pam.d
  -rw-------   1 root     root          139 Nov  1 15:39 passwd
  -rw-------   1 root     root          516 Nov  1 15:39 profile
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root          387 Nov  1 15:39 rc
  -rw-------   1 root     root           55 Nov  1 15:39 shells
  -rw-------   1 root     root          774 Nov  1 15:39 termcap
  -rw-------   1 root     root           78 Nov  1 15:39 ttytype
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           15 Nov  1 15:39 utmp -> ../var/run/utmp
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           15 Nov  1 15:39 wtmp -> ../var/log/wtmp

  /etc/pam.d:
  -rw-------   1 root     root          356 Nov  1 15:39 other

  /lib:
  *** M҂̃VXe glibc g ELF VXeȂ̂ŁCld-2.so [_
  *** KvłD
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        45415 Nov  1 15:39 ld-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           11 Nov  1 15:39 ld-linux.so.2 -> ld-2.0.7.so
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       731548 Nov  1 15:39 libc-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           13 Nov  1 15:39 libc.so.6 -> libc-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           17 Nov  1 15:39 libcom_err.so.2 -> libcom_err.so.2.0
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         6209 Nov  1 15:39 libcom_err.so.2.0
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       153881 Nov  1 15:39 libcrypt-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           17 Nov  1 15:39 libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.0.7.so
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        12962 Nov  1 15:39 libdl-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           14 Nov  1 15:39 libdl.so.2 -> libdl-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           16 Nov  1 15:39 libext2fs.so.2 -> libext2fs.so.2.4
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        81382 Nov  1 15:39 libext2fs.so.2.4
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        25222 Nov  1 15:39 libnsl-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           15 Nov  1 15:39 libnsl.so.1 -> libnsl-2.0.7.so
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root       178336 Nov  1 15:39 libnss_files-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           21 Nov  1 15:39 libnss_files.so.1 -> libnss_files-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           14 Nov  1 15:39 libpam.so.0 -> libpam.so.0.64
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        26906 Nov  1 15:39 libpam.so.0.64
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           19 Nov  1 15:39 libpam_misc.so.0 -> libpam_misc.so.0.64
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         7086 Nov  1 15:39 libpam_misc.so.0.64
  -r-xr-xr-x   1 root     root        35615 Nov  1 15:39 libproc.so.1.2.6
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           15 Nov  1 15:39 libpwdb.so.0 -> libpwdb.so.0.54
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root       121899 Nov  1 15:39 libpwdb.so.0.54
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           19 Nov  1 15:39 libtermcap.so.2 -> libtermcap.so.2.0.8
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        12041 Nov  1 15:39 libtermcap.so.2.0.8
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        12874 Nov  1 15:39 libutil-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           16 Nov  1 15:39 libutil.so.1 -> libutil-2.0.7.so
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           14 Nov  1 15:39 libuuid.so.1 -> libuuid.so.1.1
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         8039 Nov  1 15:39 libuuid.so.1.1
  drwx--x--x   3 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 modules
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 security

  /lib/modules:
  drwx--x--x   4 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 2.0.35

  /lib/modules/2.0.35:
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 block
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 cdrom

  /lib/modules/2.0.35/block:
  -rw-------   1 root     root         7156 Nov  1 15:39 loop.o

  /lib/modules/2.0.35/cdrom:
  -rw-------   1 root     root        24108 Nov  1 15:39 cdu31a.o

  /lib/security:
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         8771 Nov  1 15:39 pam_permit.so

  }Egp̃fBNgX^u
  /mnt:
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 SparQ
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 cdrom
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 floppy

  /proc:

  /root:
  -rw-------   1 root     root          176 Nov  1 15:39 .bashrc
  -rw-------   1 root     root          182 Nov  1 15:39 .cshrc
  -rw-------   1 root     root           47 Nov  1 15:39 .glintrc
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root          455 Nov  1 15:39 .profile
  -rw-------   1 root     root         4014 Nov  1 15:39 .tcshrc

  /sbin:
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        23976 Nov  1 15:39 depmod
  -rwx--x--x   2 root     root       274600 Nov  1 15:39 e2fsck
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        41268 Nov  1 15:39 fdisk
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         9396 Nov  1 15:39 fsck
  -rwx--x--x   2 root     root       274600 Nov  1 15:39 fsck.ext2
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        29556 Nov  1 15:39 getty
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         6620 Nov  1 15:39 halt
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        23116 Nov  1 15:39 init
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        25612 Nov  1 15:39 insmod
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        10368 Nov  1 15:39 kerneld
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root       110400 Nov  1 15:39 ldconfig
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         6108 Nov  1 15:39 lsmod
  -rwx--x--x   2 root     root        17400 Nov  1 15:39 mke2fs
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         4072 Nov  1 15:39 mkfs
  -rwx--x--x   2 root     root        17400 Nov  1 15:39 mkfs.ext2
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         5664 Nov  1 15:39 mkswap
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        22032 Nov  1 15:39 modprobe
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            4 Nov  1 15:39 reboot -> halt
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         7492 Nov  1 15:39 rmmod
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        12932 Nov  1 15:39 shutdown
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            6 Nov  1 15:39 swapoff -> swapon
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         5124 Nov  1 15:39 swapon
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            4 Nov  1 15:39 telinit -> init
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         6944 Nov  1 15:39 update

  /tmp:

  /usr:
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 bin
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 lib
  drwx--x--x   3 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 man
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 sbin
  drwx--x--x   3 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 share
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           10 Nov  1 15:39 tmp -> ../var/tmp

  /usr/bin:
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        37164 Nov  1 15:39 afio
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         5044 Nov  1 15:39 chroot
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        10656 Nov  1 15:39 cut
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        63652 Nov  1 15:39 diff
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        12972 Nov  1 15:39 du
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        56552 Nov  1 15:39 find
  -r-x--x--x   1 root     root         6280 Nov  1 15:39 free
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         7680 Nov  1 15:39 head
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         8504 Nov  1 15:39 id
  -r-sr-xr-x   1 root     bin          4200 Nov  1 15:39 passwd
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        14856 Nov  1 15:39 tail
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root        19008 Nov  1 15:39 tr
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         7160 Nov  1 15:39 wc
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         4412 Nov  1 15:39 whoami

  /usr/lib:
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           17 Nov  1 15:39 libncurses.so.4 -> libncurses.so.4.2
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root       260474 Nov  1 15:39 libncurses.so.4.2

  /usr/sbin:
  -r-x--x--x   1 root     root        13684 Nov  1 15:39 fuser
  -rwx--x--x   1 root     root         3876 Nov  1 15:39 mklost+found

  /usr/share:
  drwx--x--x   4 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 terminfo

  /usr/share/terminfo:
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 l
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 v

  /usr/share/terminfo/l:
  -rw-------   1 root     root         1552 Nov  1 15:39 linux
  -rw-------   1 root     root         1516 Nov  1 15:39 linux-m
  -rw-------   1 root     root         1583 Nov  1 15:39 linux-nic

  /usr/share/terminfo/v:
  -rw-------   2 root     root         1143 Nov  1 15:39 vt100
  -rw-------   2 root     root         1143 Nov  1 15:39 vt100-am

  /var:
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 log
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 run
  drwx--x--x   2 root     root         1024 Nov  1 15:39 tmp

  /var/log:
  -rw-------   1 root     root            0 Nov  1 15:39 wtmp

  /var/run:
  -rw-------   1 root     root            0 Nov  1 15:39 utmp

  /var/tmp:

  D.  [eBeBfBXÑTṽfBNgꗗ

       total 579
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        42333 Jul 28 19:05 cpio*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        32844 Aug 28 19:50 debugfs*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       103560 Jul 29 21:31 elvis*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        29536 Jul 28 19:04 fdisk*
       -rw-r--r--   1 root     root       128254 Jul 28 19:03 ftape.o
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        17564 Jul 25 03:21 ftmt*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        64161 Jul 29 20:47 grep*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        45309 Jul 29 20:48 gzip*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        23560 Jul 28 19:04 insmod*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          118 Jul 28 19:04 lsmod*
       lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            5 Jul 28 19:04 mt -> mt-st*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         9573 Jul 28 19:03 mt-st*
       lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            6 Jul 28 19:05 rmmod -> insmod*
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       104085 Jul 28 19:05 tar*
       lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            5 Jul 29 21:35 vi -> elvis*

  E.  {ɂ

  { Linux Japanese FAQ Project s܂B|Ɋւ邲ӌ
   JF vWFNg <JF@linux.or.jp> ɘAĂB

  ȉɎ܂B

     v1.01 (|͔J)
        |: dzꂳ

     v2.0-2.3
        |: 앐Y <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>

     v3.3-3.5
        |: P <fujiwara@linux.or.jp>

        Z: J <yaz-hase@qb3.so-net.ne.jp> L
        <takei@cc.kochi-u.ac.jp> 앐Y <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>

